Biology:CXorf36
 Generic protein structure example |
Chromosome X open reading frame 36 (CXorf36) is a gene that in humans encodes a protein “hypothetical protein LOC79742”. This protein has a function that is not currently very well understood.[1][2] Other known aliases are “FLJ14103, DKFZp313K0825, FLJ55198, PRO3743, FLJ55198, hCG1981635, bA435K1.1,” and “4930578C19Rik.”[3]
Gene
The CXorf36 gene is located at Xp11.3.
It can be transcribed into 8 different transcript variants, which in turn can produce 6 different isoforms of the protein.[4]
The genomic DNA is 52,529 base pairs long,[1] while the longest mRNA that it produces is 4,735 bases long.
Gene Neighborhood
CXorf36 is closely surrounded by the following genes on chromosome X:[1]
- DUSP21
- KDM6A
- MIR222
- TBX20
CXorf36 is also surrounded by two other genes on chromosome X that have been implicated in X-linked mental retardation.[5]
- Synaptophysin
- CASK
Protein
The longest protein isoform that is produced by the CXorf36 gene is termed hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1 and is 433 amino acids long.[6] The protein has a predicated molecular weight of 48.6 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.11.[7]
Domains
The CXorf36 gene protein product contains a region of low complexity from position 16 to position 40.[8]
Post-translational Modification
The CXorf36 protein is predicted to undergo phosphorylation at several serines, threonines, and tyrosines throughout the structure.[9] However, many of these sites are predicted at serines. There is also a predicted N-linked glycosylation site at position 100 on the protein product.[10]
Expression
CXorf36 is shown to be expressed ubiquitously at low levels in various tissues throughout the body. It is expressed highly in the ciliary ganglion, ovary, and uterus corpus. However, highest expression is seen in the trigeminal ganglion tissue.[11]
Conservation
CXorf36 has one paralog in humans known as C3orf58.[12] Orthologs have been found in all mammals and through numerous eukaryotes.[13] However, conservation of the full gene halts past this, most likely a result of duplication from the ancestral gene into CXorf36 and C3orf58. The full list of organisms in which orthologs have been found is given below.
- Pongo abelii
- Macaca mulatta
- Callithrix jacchus
- Canis familiaris
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca
- Equus caballus
- Oryctolagus cuniculus
- Mus musculus
- Rattus norvegicus
- Monodelphis domestica
- Ornithorhynchus anatinus
- Taeniopygia guttata
- Gallus gallus
- Danio rerio
- Bos taurus
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Entrez Gene: CXorf36". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/79742.
- ↑ "An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders". Genomics 79 (4): 560–72. April 2002. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6733. PMID 11944989.
- ↑ "GeneCards: CXorf36 Gene". https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CXorf36&search=CXorf36.
- ↑ "NCBI AceView: CXorf36". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?c=geneid&org=9606&l=79742.
- ↑ "A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation". Nat. Genet. 41 (5): 535–43. May 2009. doi:10.1038/ng.367. PMID 19377476.
- ↑ "NCBI Protein: hypothetical protein LOC79742 isoform 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_789789.2.
- ↑ "SDSC Biology Workbench". http://seqtool.sdsc.edu/CGI/BW.cgi#!.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "MyHits Dotlet". http://myhits.isb-sib.ch/cgi-bin/dotlet.
- ↑ "DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetPhos". http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetPhos/.
- ↑ "DTU Center for Biological Sciences, NetNGlyc". http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/.
- ↑ "NCBI GEO Profiles: CXorf36". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/tools/profileGraph.cgi?ID=GDS596:219652_s_at.
- ↑ "KEGG: C3orf58". http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:205428.
- ↑ "NCBI BLAST". http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi.
External links
- Human CXorf36 genome location and CXorf36 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- "Sequence comparison of human and mouse genes reveals a homologous block structure in the promoter regions.". Genome Res. 14 (9): 1711–8. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2435604. PMID 15342556.
- "A systematic, large-scale resequencing screen of X-chromosome coding exons in mental retardation.". Nat. Genet. 41 (5): 535–43. 2009. doi:10.1038/ng.367. PMID 19377476.
- "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- "An integrated, functionally annotated gene map of the DXS8026-ELK1 interval on human Xp11.3-Xp11.23: potential hotspot for neurogenetic disorders.". Genomics 79 (4): 560–72. 2002. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6733. PMID 11944989.
- "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. 2003. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMID 12975309.
- "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. 2006. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "The sequence of the human genome.". Science 291 (5507): 1304–51. 2001. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995. Bibcode: 2001Sci...291.1304V.
- "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome.". Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7 (3): 499–508. 2008. doi:10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200. PMID 18029348.
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