Biology:Artemisia ludoviciana
| Artemisia ludoviciana | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Artemisia |
| Species: | A. ludoviciana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Artemisia ludoviciana | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Synonymy
| |
Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort.[2][3][4][5]
Ludoviciana is the Latinized version of the word Louisiana.[6]
Description
Artemisia ludoviciana is a rhizomatous perennial growing to heights of 0.3–1.0 m (0.98–3.28 ft). The stems bear linear leaves up to 11 cm long. The stems and foliage are covered in woolly gray or white hairs. The top of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence of many nodding (hanging) flower heads. Each small head is a cup of hairy phyllaries surrounding a center of yellowish disc florets and is about 0.5 cm wide. The fruit is a minute achene. Flowers bloom July to October.[7]
Distribution and habitat
The plant is native to North America where it is widespread across most of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.[2][3][8][9] Some botanists suggest that eastern United States populations have been introduced from the western and central part of the continent.[10] Its habitats include dry slopes, canyons, open pine woods, and dry prairies.[7]
Subspecies
- A. l. subsp. albula (Wooton) D.D.Keck—deserts from California and Colorado to Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California
- A. l. subsp. candicans (Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range from Alberta, British Columbia to California, Colorado
- A. l. subsp. incompta (Nutt.) D.D.Keck—mountains from Alberta, British Columbia, to Mexico
- A. l. subsp. ludoviciana—western and central United States and western Canada
- A. l. subsp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) D.D.Keck— Mexico as far south as Puebla; United States as far north as Colorado and Missouri
- A. l. subsp. redolens (A.Gray) D.D.Keck—Durango, Chihuahua, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
- A. l. subsp. sulcata (Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona
Uses
Indigenous usage
Indigenous tribes across the continent use the species as a medicinal plant, a source of fiber for crafting household items, and for ceremonial purposes.[12] The Dakota people use this plant in smudging rituals to protect against maleficent spirits. The Apache, Chiricahua and Mescalero use it for spices,[13] while Blackfoot tribe use it as a drug for dermatological use.[14] The Cree and Blackfoot tribes use it in sweat lodges and the sun dance.[5] Gros Ventre also use it for skin curing and as medicine against cold, because it is also antipyretic.[15] The Meskwaki and Potawatomi use a tea made from this species as a treatment for sore throat and tonsillitis.[4]
Cultivation
A. ludoviciana is cultivated as an ornamental plant.[16] Being rhizomatous, it can spread aggressively in some climates and gardens. It grows in dry to medium moisture and well-drained soil. It requires full sun.[6]
Popular cultivars include 'Valerie Finnis' and 'Silver Queen'. Both are hardy to USDA zone 4. 'Valerie Finnis' has held the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit since 1993.[17]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Plant List Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 National Plant Germplasm System−GRIN.gov: Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 527 Silver wormwood, white or silver sage Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. 1818.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Smith, Huron H. (1978). Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. AMS Press. OCLC 68943064. http://worldcat.org/oclc/68943064.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Indigenous Teaching & Learning Gardens - Prairie Sage" (in en-US). https://sites.google.com/a/ualberta.ca/our-garden/plants/prairie-sage.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Artemisia ludoviciana - Plant Finder". https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277144.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=arlu.
- ↑ Berendsohn, W.G. & A.E. Araniva de González. 1989. Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis: Dicotyledonae, Sympetalae (pro parte): Labiatae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Compositae. Cuscatlania 1(3): 290–1–290–13
- ↑ Turner, B. L. 1996. The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol. 6. Tageteae and Athemideae. Phytologia Memoirs 10: i–ii, 1–22, 43–93
- ↑ Biota of North America Program: county distribution map Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ Keck, David Daniels 1946. A revision of the Artemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 25(17): 421-468 descriptions, line drawings, range maps of several species
- ↑ University of Michigan @ Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany of Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler (1936). Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. 4. University of New Mexico Bulletin. p. 47.
- ↑ Hellson, John C. (1974). Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. Mercury Series. National Museums of Canada. pp. 17–124. https://archive.org/details/ethnobotanyofbla0000hell.
- ↑ Hart, Jeff (1992). Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press. p. 44.
- ↑ Las Pilitas Horticulture Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (White Sagebrush) Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- ↑ "RHS Plant Selector - Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie Finnis'". https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90659/Artemisia-ludoviciana-Valerie-Finnis/Details. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
External links
- Calflora Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (Mugwort, Silver wormwood)
- Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Artemisia ludoviciana
- Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Wikidata ☰ Q2716821 entry
 |  |
