Biology:Exidia saccharina
| Exidia saccharina | |
|---|---|
_-_hms(2).jpg)
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| Captured by Hans-Martin Scheibner on April 04, 2012 [1] | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Auriculariales |
| Family: | Auriculariaceae |
| Genus: | Exidia |
| Species: | E. saccharina
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| Binomial name | |
| Exidia saccharina Albertini & Schweinitz, Fr., (1822)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Exidia saccharina, commonly known as the pine jelly,[2] is an orange-brown jelly fungus that grows saprotrophically on dead conifers.[3] It is found most commonly throughout northern Europe.[4]
Taxonomy
The species was first described in 1805 as Tremella spiculosa var. Saccharina by German scientists Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz.[5] The species was re-described by Albertini and Schweinitz as Exidia saccharina in 1822.[5] Exidia saccharina is most closely related to Exidia thuretiana and Exidiopsis spp., as determined by genetic analysis.[6]
Description
The basidiocarp of Exidia saccharina is orange-brown with a gelatinous, highly ridged texture. The basidiocarp becomes leathery, dark, and shriveled when dry.[7] Its translucent hyphae are 0.5–2.5µm in diameter, monomitic, branched, thin-walled, and form clamp connections.[8] Hyphae frequently form anastomoses.[7] Basidia are typically 13–15.5µm long, elliptical in shape, and consist of four longitudinally septate cells.[8] Basidiospores are approximately 11.7µm long with a curved, fabiform shape and thin, smooth walls.[8]
Distribution and habitat
Exidia saccharina can be found most commonly in Scandinavia, but also can be found in northern parts of Asia and North America, and rarely in Africa and South America.[4][9]
Exidia saccharina can be found in coniferous or mixed forests where it grows only on dead conifers.[3] It grows saprotrophically on species of Abies, Larix, Picea and most commonly, Pinus.[3][10][11][12] It seems to grow most preferentially on Pinus strobus.[7][13]
Conservation status
Exidia saccharina is currently listed on the register of protected and endangered fungi of Poland.[13][14]
References
- ↑ Bensch, K. (2023). "Exidia saccharina". https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/10140.
- ↑ Raper, Chris (2022). United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI). Natural History Museum. doi:10.15468/rm6pm4. https://www.gbif.org/dataset/dbaa27eb-29e7-4cbb-8eab-3f689cfce116.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wang, Shurong; Thorn, R. Greg (2021). "Exidia qinghaiensis, a new species from China". Mycoscience 62 (3): 212–216. doi:10.47371/mycosci.2021.03.002. PMID 37091320. PMC 9157777. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mycosci/62/3/62_MYC533/_article.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Exidia saccharina Fr." (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/2553594.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fries, Elias (1822). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit. 2. Lundae: Ex Officina Berlingiana. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25490. Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Weiß, Michael; Oberwinkler, Franz (2001-04-01). "Phylogenetic relationships in Auriculariales and related groups—hypotheses derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences1 1Part 184 of the series Studies in Heterobasidiomycetes from the Botanical Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany." (in en). Mycological Research 105 (4): 403–415. doi:10.1017/S095375620100363X. ISSN 0953-7562. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953756208618663.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Whelden, Roy M. (1935-01-01). "Cytological Studies in the Tremel-Laceae II. Exidia". Mycologia 27 (1): 41–57. doi:10.1080/00275514.1935.12017060. ISSN 0027-5514. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1935.12017060.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tohtirjap, Ablat; Hou, Shi-Xing; Rivoire, Bernard; Gates, Genevieve; Wu, Fang; Dai, Yu-Cheng (2023). "Two new species of Exidia sensu lato (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) based on morphology and DNA sequences". Frontiers in Microbiology 13. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080290. ISSN 1664-302X. PMID 36866163.
- ↑ Kinge, Tonjock Rosemary; Goldman, Gary; Jacobs, Adriaana; Ndiritu, George Gatere; Gryzenhout, Marieka (2020-05-02). "A first checklist of macrofungi for South Africa" (in en). MycoKeys 63: 1–48. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.63.36566. ISSN 1314-4049. PMID 32089638.
- ↑ Wojewoda, W. (1965) (in pl). Grzyby (Mycota) (VIII ed.). Poland: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Botaniki. pp. 137–163.
- ↑ Govorova, O.K. (1998). "The genus Exidia (heterobasidiomycetes) from the Russian far east". Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya 32 (2): 11–13.
- ↑ Kirschner, R. (2010). "The synnematous anamorph of Exidia saccharina (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota): morphology, conidiogenesis and association with bark beetles". Polish Botanical Journal 55 (2): 335–342.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Damszel, Marta; Piętka, Sławomir; Szczepkowski, Andrzej; Sierota, Zbigniew (2020). "Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Warmia, Poland" (in en). Acta Mycologica 55 (2). doi:10.5586/am.55212. ISSN 2353-074X. https://pbsociety.org.pl/journals/index.php/am/article/view/am.55212.
- ↑ Kujawa, Anna (2022). Register of protected and endangered fungi of Poland (GREJ). Polish Mycological Society. doi:10.15468/4a38vf. https://www.gbif.org/dataset/05db3ca4-e534-4a91-abcd-f6bfdd2989ad.
Wikidata ☰ Q1723674 entry
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![[1]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kandisbraune_Dr%C3%BCsling_%28Exidia_saccharina%29_-_hms%282%29.jpg){kind=link}