Biology:Amplectobeluidae
| Amplectobeluidae | |
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| Amplectobelua (left) and Lyrarapax (right) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | †Dinocaridida |
| Order: | †Radiodonta |
| Clade: | †Amplectobeluidae Pates et al., 2019 |
| Genera | |
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Amplectobeluidae is a clade of Cambrian radiodonts. It currently includes five definitive genera, Amplectobelua, Lyrarapax, Ramskoeldia, Guanshancaris and a currently unnamed genus from the lower Cambrian aged Sirius Passet site in Greenland.[1] There is also a potential fifth genus, Houcaris, but that genus has become problematic in terms of its taxonomic placement.[2]
Definition
In 2014, Amplectobeluidae was defined as the most inclusive clade including Amplectobelua symbrachiata but not Anomalocaris canadensis, Tamisiocaris borealis, or Hurdia victoria.[3]
Description
Amplectobeluids could be recognized by frontal appendages with well-developed first distal endite, which forming a pincer-like structure that presumably better suited for a grasping function.[3][4] Complete body fossils of amplectobeluids are only known by Amplectobelua and Lyrarapax, both showing combination of characters resembling Anomalocaris (i.e. streamlined body; small head with ovoid sclerites; well-developed swimming flaps; a pair of caudal furcae).[5][6][7][8][9] Another distinctive features only known in amplectobeluid genera were pairs of gnathobase-like structures (known by Amplectobelua and Ramskoeldia),[8][10] or an oral cone with combination of tetraradial arrangement and scale-like nodes (known by Lyrarapax and Guanshancaris).[7][11][12]
Classification
Early in 2014, "Anomalocaris" kunmingensis was tentatively assigned to Amplectobelua by Vinther et al.[3] Later that year, however, the discoverers of Lyrarapax unguispinus ignored that assessment and created a genus within Amplectobelua sensu Vinther et al.[6] Indeterminate frontal appendages assignable to this group are known from the Parker Formation of Vermont.[13]
Phylogeny
An a posteriori-weighted phylogenetic analysis in 2014 found the following relationships within the Amplectobeluidae:[6]
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References
- ↑ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Nielsen, Morten Lunde; Parry, Luke A.; Sørensen, Martin Vinther; Lee, Mirinae; Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Ahn, Inhye; Park, Changkun et al. (2024-01-05). "A giant stem-group chaetognath" (in en). Science Advances 10 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6678. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10796117. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi6678.
- ↑ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen (2018-09-14). "New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton" (in en). Nature Communications 9 (1): 3774. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 30218075. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.3774L.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian". Nature 507 (7493): 496–9. March 2014. doi:10.1038/nature13010. PMID 24670770. Bibcode: 2014Natur.507..496V. http://dro.dur.ac.uk/21270/1/21270.pdf.
- ↑ "New anatomical information on Anomalocaris from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale and a reassessment of its inferred predatory habits". Palaeontology 56 (5): 971–990. 2013. doi:10.1111/pala.12029.
- ↑ "Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators". Science 264 (5163): 1304–8. May 1994. doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1304. PMID 17780848. Bibcode: 1994Sci...264.1304C.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages". Nature 513 (7519): 538–42. September 2014. doi:10.1038/nature13486. PMID 25043032. Bibcode: 2014Natur.513..538C.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan". National Science Review 5 (6): 863–869. 2018-11-01. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057. ISSN 2095-5138.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata". BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 208. August 2017. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1049-1. PMID 28854872.
- ↑ "A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources". Proceedings. Biological Sciences 286 (1908): 20191079. August 2019. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1079. PMID 31362637.
- ↑ "New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta" (in en). Papers in Palaeontology 4 (4): 605–621. 2018. doi:10.1002/spp2.1219. ISSN 2056-2802. https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_A3714F0A56F0.P001/REF.pdf.
- ↑ "A new radiodontan oral cone with a unique combination of anatomical features from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerstätte, eastern Yunnan, South China" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 92 (1): 40–48. 2018. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.77. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2018JPal...92...40Z. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/new-radiodontan-oral-cone-with-a-unique-combination-of-anatomical-features-from-the-early-cambrian-guanshan-lagerstatte-eastern-yunnan-south-china/538DF297E686AA758BD4C4FB609D5770.
- ↑ "The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China" (in en). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66. 2021. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. ISSN 0567-7920.
- ↑ Pari, Giovanni; Briggs, Derek E.G.; Gaines, Robert R. (2022-02-16). "The soft-bodied biota of the Cambrian Series 2 Parker Quarry Lagerstätte of northwestern Vermont, USA". Journal of Paleontology 96 (4): 770–790. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.125. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2022JPal...96..770P.
Wikidata ☰ Q17409560 entry
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