Organization:Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative

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Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative
FormationSeptember 2020 (2020-09)[1]
Chair
Tzeporah Berman[2]
Steering committee
Andrea Reimer, Andrew Simms, Carlos Larrea, Carroll Muffett, Catherine Abreu, Lidy Nacpil, Lili Fuhr, Loukina Tille, Mark Campanale, Matthew Stilwell, May Boeve, Meena Raman, Mitzi Jonelle Tan, Mohamed Adow, Niranjali Amerasinghe, Osprey Orielle Lake, Peter Newell, Dr Richard Denniss, Sanjay Vashist, Simon Taylor, Tasneem Essop, Tom Goldtooth, Tzeporah Berman
Websitefossilfueltreaty.org

The Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative is a civil society campaign to create a treaty to stop fossil fuel exploration and expansion and phase-out existing production in line with the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement,[3] while supporting a just transition to renewable energy.[4]

The treaty has been endorsed by the Vatican,[5][6] the World Health Organization,[7] the European Parliament,[8][9][10] Nobel laureates, academics, researchers, activists,[4][11] and a growing list of governments (municipal, subnational, national), and individual Parliamentarians.

The program includes the creation of a standalone Global Registry of Fossil Fuels to ensure transparency and accountability of production and reserves.[11]

History

In 2015, Pacific Island leaders issued the "Suva Declaration On Climate Change" during the Pacific Islands Development Forum in Suva, Fiji. They called for "the implementation of an international moratorium on the development and expansion of fossil fuel extracting industries, particularly the construction of new coal mines, as an urgent step towards de-carbonising the global economy."[12] The next year, in 2016, 14 Pacific Island nations continued to discuss the world's first "treaty" that would ban new coal mining and embrace the 1.5 °C goal set at the recent Paris climate talks.[13]

In August 2017, a group of academics, activists, and analysts issued the Lofoten Declaration which stressed that climate policy and governance required a managed decline of fossil fuel production.[14] The international manifesto called for fossil fuel divestment and phase-out of use with a just transition to a low-carbon economy. The declaration received the support of 744 organizations, spanning 76 countries and helped mobilize efforts for a global treaty on fossil fuel production.[15][16][17] The government of Norway divested from exploration and production shortly afterward.[18]

At the closing of United Nations Climate Change Conference, on 17 November 2017, the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia made a final statement on behalf of Least Developed Countries (LDC), which they stressed the need for "an increase in ambition by all countries to put us on track to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5 °C by strengthening our national contributions, managing a phase-out of fossil fuels, promoting renewable energy and implementing the most ambitious climate action."[19]

A year later, on 23 October 2018, Peter Newell and Andrew Simms, academics at the University of Sussex, wrote an op-ed in The Guardian that renewed these public calls for a "treaty": This time they presented the treaty idea as a "Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty."[20] While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) advised reducing carbon emissions 45% by 2030 to hold global temperature rise below 1.5 °C, global demand for coal, oil and gas has continued to grow. Newell and Simms noted that fossil fuels accounted for 81% of energy use in 2018 with forecasts, including those by the International Energy Agency, anticipating greater demand in future decades.[21] As a historical precedent for a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty, Newell and Simms cited the Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere in 1988, where the threat of "climatic upheaval" was compared "second only to nuclear war"—a sentiment endorsed at the time by the CIA, MI5, United Nations .[20] In 2019 and 2020, Newell and Simms continued to write and publish on the Treaty in non-specialist news and academic journals.[21][22]

Launch

The Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative officially launched at Climate Week NYC on September 25, 2020, at an event called "International Cooperation to Align Fossil Fuel Production with a 1.5°C World."[23]

Tzeporah Berman, a Canadian environmental activist, was named the chair of the Treaty Initiative, and Alex Rafalowicz, the director of the Treaty Initiative. Berman has argued that by "explicitly addressing the supply side of the climate crisis, the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty offers a way for countries to shift course."[24] Berman has since argued that the Treaty would be a more genuine and realistic way to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement than the "net zero" approach which, she claimed, is "delusional and based on bad science."[25] As Rafalowicz has put it, the "Treaty aims to be a complementary mechanism to the Paris Agreement by directly addressing the fossil fuel industry and putting the just transition at its core."[26] "The hope many academics, researchers, and activists have is that an international agreement to prevent the expansion of fossil fuels, to manage a fair global phase-out, and to guide a just transition could be used to preserve a planet that can support human life."[11] "The Treaty aims to be a complementary mechanism to the Paris Agreement by directly addressing the fossil fuel industry and putting the just transition at its core," according to Rafalowicz.[26]

Letter to World Leaders

On 21 April 2021, the Treaty Initiative coordinated a letter signed by 100 Nobel laureates, including scientists, peace makers, writers, and the Dalai Lama, urging world leaders "to take concrete steps to phase out fossil fuels in order to prevent catastrophic climate change."[27][28][29][30]

The open letter referenced the importance of both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 2015 Paris Agreement which aims to limit global warming to "well below" 2 °C and, ideally, restrict any rise to 1.5 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels.[27] It noted that failure to meet the 1.5 °C target would risk "pushing the world towards catastrophic global warming." It also added that the Paris Agreement makes no mention of oil, gas or coal.[27] The letter highlighted a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, stating that "120% more coal, oil, and gas will be produced by 2030 than is consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C."[31][27]

The letter concluded that the expansion of the fossil fuel industry "is unconscionable ... The fossil fuel system is global and requires a global solution—a solution the Leaders' Climate Summit must work towards. And the first step is to keep fossil fuels in the ground."[27]

The open letter, published a day before U.S. President Joe Biden hosted the virtual 2021 Leaders' Climate Summit with leaders from various countries, described the burning of fossil fuels as "by far the major contributor to climate change."[27]

Alongside the Dalai Lama, signatories to the letter included Jody Williams, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines' founding coordinator; the economist Christopher Pissarides; Shirin Ebadi, the first female judge in Iran; and former Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos. Other names included Liberian peace activist and advocate for women's rights, Leymah Gbowee, and Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, novelist and poet.[27]

Global registry of fossil fuels

In February 2021, Carbon Tracker, a UK-based think tank, and Global Energy Monitor, a US-based research organization, announced the creation of an independent and standalone Global Registry of Fossil Fuels. The Registry is supported by the Treaty as an important step in ensuring transparency and accountability in fossil fuel production and reserves.[32]

Mark Campanale, the founder and executive director of Carbon Tracker, wrote in the Financial Times that the registry "will allow governments, investors, researchers and civil society organisations, including the public, to assess the amount of embedded CO2 in coal, oil and gas projects globally. It will be a standalone tool and can provide a model for a potential UN-hosted registry."[33]

At the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Ted Nace, executive director of Global Energy Monitor, said "The development of this dataset is the first step in a virtuous circle of transparency. The more the inventory of carbon in the ground advances, the more useful it will become and the greater the pressure on countries and companies for full transparency."[34]

Prospective Role in International Agreements

On Jan 31, 2023, journalist Gaye Taylor reported that, "ten years after Ecuador abandoned efforts to get the international community to pay it not to drill for oil in a corner of Yasuní National Park, one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, the cash-strapped country’s decision to double down on fossil exploration is signalling the need for a global fossil fuel non-proliferation agreement."[35] A reassessment of that abandoned Yasuní-ITT Initiative points to the broader issue of how the Fossil Fuel Non-proliferation Treaty could be built and implemented as an international agreement and a compliance mechanism for a more fair fossil fuel phase-out.[36][35]

United Nations Climate Change Conferences

2021

On 11 November, at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, "a group of young climate activists delivered a sharp rebuke to delegates at the COP26 climate summit...demanding that a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty be put in place and calling out global leaders for their continued closeness to the coal, oil and gas industries...The activists did not mince their words when they took over the stage at the Glasgow conference, pointing out the absurdity of the fact that the very mentioning of "fossil fuels" in the meeting's agreement has become a sticking point. No COP agreement has ever mentioned fossil fuels as the main driver of the climate crisis.... The youth and the leaders of the Fridays for Future group [had] joined the already established Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative, a network of civil society organizations pushing for a speedy and just phaseout of fossil fuels."[37]

2022

At the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Vanuatu and Tuvalu became the first countries to endorse a fossil fuel non proliferation treaty. Tuvalu's Prime Minister Kausea Natano in his speech stated “We all know that the leading cause of climate crisis is fossil fuels”, “ we have joined Vanuatu and other nations calling for a fossil fuels non-proliferation treaty… It’s getting too hot and there is very (little) time to slow and reverse the increasing temperature. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize fast acting strategies that avoids the most warming.”[38][39]

2023

At the 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Palau, Colombia, and Samoa all formally endorsed the treaty.[40][41][42][43] On the 1 December, over 100 cities and subnational governments voiced their support for the treaty.[44]

Endorsements

As of February 11, 2022, the initiative "has been supported by 101 Nobel Laureates, 2,600 academics, 170 parliamentarians, hundreds of prominent youth leaders, a growing group of faith leaders, and more than 1,300 civil society organisations, including Catalyst 2030, Limaatzuster, Citizens' Climate Europe, Both Ends and Fridays for Future Leeuwarden."[45][46]

On July 21, 2022, the treaty was endorsed by the Vatican.[5][6] On September 14, 2022, the World Health Organization, along with nearly 200 other health organizations endorsed the treaty.[7] On October 20, 2022, the European Parliament endorsed the initiative.[8][9][10][47]

As of December 2, 2023, 95 cities and subnational governments have either formally endorsed the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty or signed the Mayors Declaration.[40]

Scientists and academics

As of September 14, 2021, the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative has received the endorsement of 2,185 scientists and researchers from 81 countries.[48][11][49]

Cities

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
City Location Date of endorsement
Vancouver [50] Canada 9 October 2020
Barcelona[51] Spain 20 January 2021
Los Angeles [52] US 21 April 2021
Yakima[53] US 1 June 2021
Toronto[3][54] Canada 15 July 2021
Sydney[26][55] Australia 16 August 2021
Bonn[56] Germany 10 December 2021
Grenoble[45] France
Itahari[45] Nepal
Buenos Aires[57] Argentina
New Westminster, BC[57] Canada
District of North Vancouver[57] Canada
West Vancouver[57] Canada
Burnaby[45][57] Canada 27 Jan 2022
Amsterdam[45] Netherlands 11 Feb 2022
Paris[58] France 23 March 2022
Montreal [59] Canada 25 April 2022
London[60] United Kingdom 28 June 2022
Ottawa[61][62] Canada 6 July 2022
Kolkata[63] India 15 September 2022
Warsaw[64] Poland January 2023
Austin, Texas [65][66] USA 8 June 2023

Sub-national regional governments

Government Location Date of endorsement
Australian Capital Territory[67] Australia 2 June 2021
Hawaii[68] US 5 May 2022
California [69][70][71] US 1 September 2023

National governments

Government Date of endorsement
Vanuatu[72][73] 23 September 2022
Tuvalu[74] 8 November 2022
Tonga[75][76][77] 17 March 2023
Fiji[75][76][77] 17 March 2023
Niue[75][76][77] 17 March 2023
Solomon Islands[75][76][77] 17 March 2023
East Timor[40][42][78] 23 September 2023
Antigua and Barbuda[40][78] 23 September 2023
Palau[40][79] 1 December 2023
Colombia[40][42] 2 December 2023
Samoa[40][80] 4 December 2023
Nauru[81] 11 December 2023

Multi-National Organizations

Organization Date of endorsement
European Parliament[10][9][8][47] 20 October 2022

International Organizations

Organization Date of endorsement
World Health Organization[7][82] 14 September 2022

See also

References

  1. ↑ Calma, Justine (2 November 2020). "Fossil fuels get the nuclear treatment in new climate effort". The Verge (Vox Media). https://www.theverge.com/2020/11/2/21545690/fossil-fuels-nuclear-non-proliferation-treaty-climate-change. 
  2. ↑ Goering, Laurie (28 June 2021). "Greenwash or lifeline? Tough rules needed for credible net-zero plans". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-emissions-politics-idUSKCN2E424G. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rider, David (2 August 2021). "Toronto just approved a host of climate-related policies. We asked experts how they stack up". Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2021/08/02/toronto-just-approved-a-host-of-climate-related-policies-we-asked-experts-how-they-stack-up.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kottasová, Ivana (22 April 2021). "Dalai Lama and 100 other Nobel Prize laureates call for fossil fuels to be phased out". CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/21/world/earth-day-dalai-lama-climate-letter-intl/index.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Woodside, John (22 July 2022). "Vatican backs Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". National Observer. https://www.nationalobserver.com/2022/07/22/news/vatican-endorses-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty?nih=f8e6960b1cf865c3002b712383c4cfc2https:/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Vatican cardinal backs fossil fuel nonproliferation treaty". The Associated Press. ABC News. 21 July 2022. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/vatican-cardinal-backs-fossil-fuel-nonproliferation-treaty-87179650. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Neslen, Arthur (14 September 2022). "Health groups call for global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/14/fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-who-environmental-vandilism. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "European Parliament calls for a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". SG Voice. 21 October 2022. https://sgvoice.energyvoice.com/2022/10/21/european-parliament-calls-for-a-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Conley, Julia (20 October 2022). "'Big Win' for Climate: EU Parliament Backs Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2022/10/20/big-win-climate-eu-parliament-backs-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "European Parliament leads push for a new treaty to curb the expansion of fossil fuel projects". Environmental Investigation Agency. 20 October 2022. https://eia-international.org/news/european-parliament-leads-push-for-a-new-treaty-to-curb-the-expansion-of-fossil-fuel-projects/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Woodside, John (16 September 2021). "Thousands call for fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty as UN meeting kicks off". Canada's National Observer. https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/09/16/news/thousands-call-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-un-meeting. 
  12. ↑ "Suva Declaration On Climate Change". 2015. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/theausinstitute/pages/231/attachments/original/1441668038/PACIFIC_ISLAND_DEVELOPMENT_FORUM_SUVA_DECLARATION_ON_CLIMATE_CHANGE.v2.pdf?1441668038. 
  13. ↑ Slezak, Michael (14 July 2016). "Pacific islands nations consider world's first treaty to ban fossil fuels". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/14/pacific-islands-nations-consider-worlds-first-treaty-to-ban-fossil-fuels. 
  14. ↑ "The Lofoten Declaration". http://www.lofotendeclaration.org. 
  15. ↑ "530 organizations in 76 countries sign Lofoten Declaration". 23 September 2019. https://www.stand.earth/latest/fossil-fuel-free/local-to-global/530-organizations-76-countries-sign-lofoten-declaration. 
  16. ↑ P. Newell; A. Simms (2020). "Towards a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". Climate Policy 20 (8): 1043–1054. doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1636759. 
  17. ↑ Asheim, G. B. (2019). "The case for a supply-side climate treaty". Science 365 (6451): 325–327. doi:10.1126/science.aax5011. PMID 31346056. Bibcode: 2019Sci...365..325A. 
  18. ↑ "Why Norway may leave $65bn worth of oil in the ground". The Economist. 29 August 2017. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2017/08/28/why-norway-may-leave-65bn-worth-of-oil-in-the-ground. 
  19. ↑ "LDC Group Statement at the Joint closing session for COP23". https://www.ldc-climate.org/ldc_chair_statement/ldc-group-statement-at-closing-of-cop23/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Simms, Andrew; Newell, Peter (23 Oct 2018). "We need a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty – and we need it now". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/23/fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-climate-breakdown. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Newell, Peter; Simms, Andrew (11 July 2019). "Why we need a non-proliferation treaty for fossil fuels". Climate Home News. https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/07/11/need-non-proliferation-treaty-fossil-fuels/. 
  22. ↑ Newell, Peter; Simms, Andrew (8 July 2019). "Towards a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". Climate Policy 20, 2020 (8: Special Issue: Curbing Fossil Fuel Supply to Achieve Climate Goals): 1043–1054. doi:10.1080/14693062.2019.1636759. 
  23. ↑ "International Cooperation to Align Fossil Fuel Production with a 1.5°C World". Alberta Environmental Network. 25 September 2020. https://www.aenweb.ca/events/international-cooperation-align-fossil-fuel-production-15oc-world. 
  24. ↑ Moran, Greta (12 January 2021). "US cities consider treating fossil fuels like nuclear weapons". Grist. https://grist.org/climate/u-s-cities-consider-treating-fossil-fuels-like-nuclear-weapons/. 
  25. ↑ Berman, Tzeporah; Nathan, Taft (3 March 2021). "Global oil companies have committed to 'net zero' emissions. It's a sham". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/03/global-oil-companies-have-committed-to-net-zero-emissions-its-a-sham. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Rafalowicz, Alex (19 August 2021). "This is why we need a fossil fuel treaty". World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/08/this-is-why-we-need-a-fossil-fuel-treaty/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 Frangoui, Anmar (21 April 2021). "Dalai Lama and other Nobel Prize winners pressure leaders to stop fossil fuel expansion". CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/21/dalai-lama-nobel-prize-winners-pressure-leaders-on-fossil-fuels.html. 
  28. ↑ Budryk, Zack (21 April 2021). "Nobel laureates call for elimination of fossil fuels". The Hill. https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/549434-nobel-laureates-call-for-elimination-of-fossil-fuels. 
  29. ↑ "'Stop fossil fuel expansion': Nobel laureates urge climate action". Al Jazeera. 22 April 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/22/nobel-laureates-urge-leaders-to-stop-fossil-fuel-expansion. 
  30. ↑ "Over 100 Nobel Winners Call for Global Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". The Energy Mix. 23 April 2021. https://www.theenergymix.com/2021/04/23/over-100-nobel-winners-call-for-global-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  31. ↑ "World's governments plan to produce 120% more fossil fuels by 2030 than can be burned under 1.5°C warming". UN Environment Programme. 20 November 2019. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/worlds-governments-plan-produce-120-more-fossil-fuels-2030-can-be. 
  32. ↑ Kaminski, Isabella (19 March 2021). "Fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty – a call to disarm". China Dialogue. https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-a-call-to-disarm/. 
  33. ↑ Campanle, Mark (12 April 2021). "A carbon registry leaves polluters with nowhere left to hide". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/3091ef3c-ff85-454b-89ef-7735e2dcf563. 
  34. ↑ Amos, Ilona (11 November 2021). "COP26: New online tool to reveal true picture of coal, oil and gas extraction worldwide". Scotsman. https://www.scotsman.com/news/environment/cop26-new-online-tool-to-reveal-true-picture-of-coal-oil-and-gas-extraction-worldwide-3454853. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Taylor, Gaye (31 January 2023). "Ecuador's Amazon Drilling Plan Shows Need for Fossil Non-Proliferation Treaty". The Energy Mix. https://www.theenergymix.com/2023/01/31/ecuadors-amazon-drilling-shows-need-for-fossil-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  36. ↑ Newell, Peter; van Asselt, Harro; Daley, Freddie (December 2022). "Building a fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty: Key elements". Earth System Governance 14 (100159): 100159. doi:10.1016/j.esg.2022.100159. ISSN 2589-8116. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811622000283#sec4. Retrieved 4 February 2023. 
  37. ↑ Kottasová, Ivana (11 November 2021). "Young people call for fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty as delegates spar over coal, oil and gas". https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/11/world/fossil-fuels-cop26-young-activists-climate-intl/index.html. 
  38. ↑ "Tuvalu first to call for fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty at Cop27" (in en). 2022-11-08. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/08/tuvalu-first-to-call-for-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-at-cop27. 
  39. ↑ "Non-Proliferation Treaty Against Fossil Fuels Called For at COP27 Climate Summit" (in en). Time. https://time.com/6230425/treaty-against-fossil-fuels-cop27/. Retrieved 2022-11-09. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 "Who has endorsed?" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/endorsements. 
  41. ↑ "Palau becomes 9th nation state to formally call for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/palau. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Greenfield, Patrick (2023-12-02). "Colombia joins international alliance calling for treaty to end use of fossil fuels" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/02/colombia-joins-international-alliance-calling-for-treaty-to-end-use-of-fossil-fuels. 
  43. ↑ "At COP28, Samoa becomes the 11th nation state to formally join the call for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty | Pacific Environment". https://www.sprep.org/news/at-cop28-samoa-becomes-the-11th-nation-state-to-formally-join-the-call-for-a-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  44. ↑ "In historic milestone, 100 cities call for a Fossil Fuel Treaty at COP28" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/100-cities-cop28. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Simire, Michael (11 Feb 2022). "Amsterdam becomes first capital to endorse Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". EnviroNews Nigeria. https://www.environewsnigeria.com/amsterdam-becomes-first-capital-to-endorse-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  46. ↑ "Parliamentarians' call for a fossil fuel free future". https://www.fossilfuelfreefuture.org/. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "European Parliament Backs Fossil Non-Proliferation Treaty". The Energy Mix. 23 October 2022. https://www.theenergymix.com/2022/10/23/european-parliament-backs-fossil-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  48. ↑ The Energy Mix staff (14 September 2021). "2,185 Academics Back Fossil Non-Proliferation Treaty While #FixTheWEO Demands 1.5°C Energy Scenario". The Energy Mix. https://www.theenergymix.com/2021/09/14/2185-academics-back-fossil-non-proliferation-treaty-while-fixtheweo-demands-1-5c-energy-scenario/. 
  49. ↑ "Scientists call for 'Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty'". World is One News (WION). 16 September 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrxTqqBsVvI. 
  50. ↑ Berman, Tzeporah (9 October 2020). "Tzeporah Berman: You can't put out a fire with gas: We need a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Vancouver Sun. https://vancouversun.com/opinion/tzeporah-berman-you-cant-put-out-a-fire-with-gas-we-need-a-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  51. ↑ Kaminski, Isabella (31 March 2021). "UK councils lead international call to stem fossil fuel supply". Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/council-stem-fossil-fuel-investments-b1822896.html. 
  52. ↑ "Los Angeles first city in the US to endorse the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". 21 April 2021. https://fossilfueltreaty.org/los-angeles. 
  53. ↑ Foster, Ella (2 June 2021). "Yakima council supports efforts to combat climate change". Yakima Herald. https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/yakima-council-supports-efforts-to-combat-climate-change/article_238876b2-9902-5380-882b-546a4c192eec.html. 
  54. ↑ "Toronto Endorses Fossil Non-Proliferation Treaty, Adopts New Building Retrofit Standards". The Energy Mix. 15 July 2021. https://www.theenergymix.com/2021/07/15/toronto-endorses-fossil-non-proliferation-treaty-adopts-new-building-retrofit-standards/. 
  55. ↑ "Sydney unanimously endorses the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/sydney. 
  56. ↑ "Bonn becomes the first city in Germany to endorse the Fossil Fuel Treaty". 10 December 2021. https://fossilfueltreaty.org/bonn-becomes-the-first-city-in-germany-to-endorse-the-fossil-fuel-treaty. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 Crawford, Tiffany (29 January 2022). "Climate change: Burnaby latest city to endorse treaty to transition away from fossil fuels". Vancouver Sun. https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/climate-change-burnaby-latest-city-to-endorse-treaty-to-transition-away-from-fossil-fuels. 
  58. ↑ "The City of Paris demonstrates its climate leadership and joins the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Fossil Fuel Non Proliferation Treaty Initiative. 23 March 2022. https://fossilfueltreaty.org/paris-endorsement. 
  59. ↑ Scott, Marian (26 April 2022). "Montreal pledges to sign global treaty on the non-proliferation of fossil fuels". Montreal Gazette. https://epaper.montrealgazette.com/article/281565179323024. 
  60. ↑ "London Becomes Biggest City to Sign Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". The Energy Mix. 29 June 2022. https://www.theenergymix.com/2022/06/29/london-becomes-biggest-city-to-sign-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  61. ↑ Corbett, Jessica (7 July 2022). "'A Hopeful Day': Ottawa Endorses Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2022/07/07/hopeful-day-ottawa-endorses-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  62. ↑ Beer, Mitchell (7 July 2022). "Calgary Adopts Net-Zero Climate Strategy, Ottawa Endorses Fossil Non-Proliferation Treaty". The Energy Mix. https://www.theenergymix.com/2022/07/07/calgary-adopts-net-zero-climate-strategy-ottawa-endorses-fossil-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  63. ↑ Bandyopadhyay, Krishnendu (15 September 2022). "Kolkata first Indian city to join global 72 on fossil fuel vow". The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-first-indian-city-to-join-global-72-on-fossil-fuel-vow/articleshow/94210314.cms. 
  64. ↑ Simon, Bernard (2 May 2023). "Hero: In coal-heavy Poland, Warsaw takes a stand against fossil fuels". Corporate Knights. https://www.corporateknights.com/issues/2023-04-spring-issue/warsaw-takes-a-stand-against-fossil-fuels/. 
  65. ↑ Hatch, Chris (11 June 2023). "Zero Carbon Newsletter: The Roundup: The capital of Texas". Canada's National Observer. https://www.nationalobserver.com/newsletters/zero-carbon/2023/06/10/what-do-canadians-really-think-about-climate-change. 
  66. ↑ "Austin, capital of Texas, the main oil-producing State in the USA, calls for a Fossil Fuel Treaty". Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty. 8 June 2023. https://fossilfueltreaty.org/austin. 
  67. ↑ Bladen, Lucy (2 June 2021). "ACT endorses fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". The Canberra Times. https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7280380/act-endorses-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  68. ↑ Germanos, Andrea (6 May 2022). "Hawaii Legislature Calls For Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2022/05/06/hawaii-legislature-calls-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  69. ↑ "In a Historic Vote, the State of California Becomes the Largest Economy in the World to Endorse the Call for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Common Dreams. 1 September 2023. https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/in-a-historic-vote-the-state-of-california-becomes-the-largest-economy-in-the-world-to-endorse-the-call-for-a-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  70. ↑ "In Historic Vote, California Becomes Largest Economy In World To Call For Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". CleanTechnica. 1 September 2023. https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/01/in-historic-vote-california-becomes-largest-economy-in-world-to-call-for-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty/. 
  71. ↑ Corbett, Jessica (1 September 2023). "'Powerful Example': California Now Largest Economy to Back Fossil Fuel Nonproliferation Treaty". Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/california-fossil-fuel-nonproliferation-treaty. 
  72. ↑ Ahmed, Issam (23 September 2022). "At UN, Vanuatu Calls For Fossil Fuel Non-proliferation Treaty". International Business Times. https://www.ibtimes.com/un-vanuatu-calls-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty-3616386. 
  73. ↑ "Vanuatu formally launches push for fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty". Radio New Zealand. 24 September 2022. https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/475392/vanuatu-formally-launches-push-for-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  74. ↑ Jordans, Frank; Kabukuru, Wanjohi (8 November 2022). "Non-Proliferation Treaty Against Fossil Fuels Called For at COP27 Climate Summit". Time. https://time.com/6230425/treaty-against-fossil-fuels-cop27/. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Stancil, Kenny (17 March 2023). "Six Island Nations Commit to 'Fossil Fuel-Free Pacific,' Demand Global Just Transition". Common Dreams. https://www.commondreams.org/news/fossil-fuel-free-pacific. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 Beer, Mitchell (19 March 2023). "Six Countries Call for Fossil-Free Pacific". The Energy Mix. https://www.theenergymix.com/2023/03/19/six-countries-call-for-fossil-free-pacific/. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 "2nd Ministerial Dialogue on a Global Just Transition away from fossil fuels". Pacific Islands Climate Action Network (PICAN). 17 March 2023. https://www.pican.org/post/block-of-6-pacific-countries-commit-to-spearhead-global-fossil-fuel-phase-out-effort. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Two nation-states join group of governments calling for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/antigua-timor. 
  79. ↑ "At COP28, Palau becomes 9th nation state to formally call for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty". Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. 6 December 2023. https://www.sprep.org/news/at-cop28-palau-becomes-9th-nation-state-to-formally-call-for-a-fossil-fuel-non-proliferation-treaty. 
  80. ↑ Shaw, Sacha (11 December 2023). "Nauru and Samoa Join Fossil Fuel Treaty Amid Fierce Debate at COP28". https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/nauru-and-samoa-join-fossil-fuel-treaty-amid-fierce-debate-at-cop28/. 
  81. ↑ Shaw, Sacha (11 December 2023). "Nauru and Samoa Join Fossil Fuel Treaty Amid Fierce Debate at COP28". https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/nauru-and-samoa-join-fossil-fuel-treaty-amid-fierce-debate-at-cop28/. 
  82. ↑ "WHO & Health institutions" (in en-US). https://fossilfueltreaty.org/health-letter. 

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