Organization:University of Düsseldorf

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Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
Logo HHU DUS.svg
TypePublic
Established1965
Budget€ 310 million[1]
RectorAnja Steinbeck [de]
Academic staff
3,534[1]
Administrative staff
1,182[1]
Students32,069[1]
Location
Düsseldorf
,
Northrhine-Westphalia
,
Germany
Websitewww.uni-duesseldorf.de
Main pedestrian route

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) (German: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf) was founded in 1965 as the successor organisation to Düsseldorf’s Medical Academy of 1907. Following several expansions throughout the decades, the university has comprised five faculties since 1993. At present, more than 20,000 full-time students are pursuing studies at HHU. There is a total staff of approximately 2,900 persons at HHU (academic and non-academic).

History

File:Philfak bau um 1973.tif

The "early history" of Düsseldorf University began with the Düsseldorf Academy for Practical Medicine in 1907. The city’s first real university, however, was only founded in 1965 by adding a combined Faculty of Natural Sciences–Arts and Humanities to the existing medical one. Only four years later the university split the combined faculty into two separate bodies, which led to the constitution of a Faculty of Arts and Humanities as well as a Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. In 1979 a modern University and State Library was opened to the public, and a sports centre was added in 1980/81. Following a quarrel[2] of more than 23 years, the "nameless" university of Düsseldorf was finally christened after the poet Heinrich Heine, one of Düsseldorf’s most famous sons, in 1989. From this period on, the campus university has been opening up towards the city and its citizens. Heinrich Heine University’s Faculty of Business Administration and Economics opened in 1990, the Faculty of Law in 1993.

Campus and grounds

HHU’s roughly triangular campus is located in the southeast of Düsseldorf, in the Bilk district. To the north, it borders on the campus of the university hospital with which it forms a unit. Both campuses together expand over approximately 1,300,000 square metres (circa 130 hectares). This unusually direct link between university and university hospital creates a "scientific suburb" on Düsseldorf’s south-eastern border.

At the moment many buildings on campus are being renovated and modernised, especially the lecture halls, four of which will be back in working condition by autumn 2013. As with many structures of the 1960s and 1970s, the building substance needs to be updated in terms of technical specifications and health requirements. For example, a newly built Student Service Centre (SSC) will be available in 2013. Already completed are the new Oeconomicum building (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics) and the new O.A.S.E. library (medical literature) – the latter one of Germany’s most up-to-date structures for individual study and group work

University and State Library (ULB) Düsseldorf

University and State Library Düsseldorf

The ULB Düsseldorf is one of three state libraries in North Rhine-Westphalia and one of Germany’s innovation leaders in the library sector due to its high service standards and the volume of its collections (currently 4 stars in the public library ratings. In its university library function, it collects, archives and cares for scientific resources. In its state library function, it does alike for regional literature.[3]

Centre for Information and Media Technology (ZIM)

As a central unit and (multi) media centre of HHU, the ZIM provides competencies and services in the field of digital information delivery and processing. Further fields of activity are digital communication and digital media.

Botanical Garden

The Botanical Garden of Düsseldorf is a scientific institution of HHU, which cultivates about 6,000 different kinds of plants from all around the globe. It is open to visitors throughout the whole year.[4]

Faculties

Medicine

The O.A.S.E (German pronunciation: [oˈaː.zə] – "Ort des Austauschs, des Studiums und der Entwicklung" – platform of exchange, study and development – also the acronym Oase translates to oasis) encompasses the library for medical literature and constitutes the centre for studying and learning of the Faculty of Medicine.

With more than 3,000 students in the winter semester 2011/12, the Medical Faculty is HHU’s third largest unit. Study offers range from Medicine and Dentistry (state examination) through Toxicology (M.Sc.) to Public Health and Endocrinology (both M.Sc., further education). Graduate studies have been institutionalised in the form of the faculty-wide Medical Research School Düsseldorf, which offers networking, services and counselling for both graduate students and their supervisors.[5] Further structured doctorate support is provided by research training groups in neurosciences (RTG 1033, iBrain), in hepatology (research training in CRC 974) and in tumor research (Düsseldorf School of Oncology DSO). Research hubs with a significant volume of third-party founded collaborative projects are hepatology (CRC 974 and Research Unit 217), cardiovascular research, neurosciences, surgery (Research Unit 1585), infectiology and immunology (Research Unit 729), and diabetes and metabolism research.[6] The Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), the Leibniz-Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), the C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research and the German Diabetes Centre (DDZ) are important organisations that form the local research environment.

Arts and Humanities

About 8,000 students (winter semester 2011/12) in currently 26 B.A. and M.A. programmes make the Faculty of Arts and Humanities HHU’s largest unit. The German-French master programme Media Culture Analysis / Analyse de Pratiques Culturelles, enables students to obtain a double diploma of both the HHU and the University of Nantes. At doctoral level the academy of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, PhilGrad, offers a broad range of counselling and career-relevant courses. Further support for structured doctorates provide programmes in the history of art (RTG 1678), in linguistics (research training in CRC 991), in ageing-related studies and in democracy research (Link.De) as well as within two German-Italian programmes (Interculturality and Communication, "Doctor Europaeus"). Among the research hubs in the faculty are linguistics (CRC 991), politics (Research Unit 1381), ancient history (funded by the NRW Academy for the Arts and Sciences), the history of art, and editing studies (complete works editions of Max Weber and Martin Buber in progress). Beyond that, the Faculty of Arts and Humanities contributes to HHU’s Institute of German and International Party Law and Party Research (PRuF).[7]

Mathematics and Natural Sciences

HHU’s second largest faculty offers its approximately 6,500 students (winter semester 2011/12) ten basic programmes (B.A. and state examination) and nine graduate programmes (M.Sc.). Special programmes such as the four-year „bachelor plus", in which students spend one year at Michigan State University, USA, and the international M.Sc. in Biology enable students to gain international experience. The faculty has institutionalised support for doctoral studies in the form of iGRAD, the Interdisciplinary Graduate and Research Academy Düsseldorf to establish network structures and offer counselling and training services for doctoral students, supervisors and research training groups.[8] Further backing for structured doctorates provide the following programmes: RTG 1203 Dynamics in Hot Plasms (DFG), Graduate Cluster CLIB, NRW Research Academy Biostruct, RTG "Molecules of Infection" (Manchot Foundation), the international graduate school iGRAD-Plant in collaboration with the Forschungszentrum Jülich and Michigan State University, US; and the internally funded initiatives vivid, e-norm, and iGRASPseed. Research hubs with a significant volume of third-party founded collaborative projects are biology (Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences CEPLAS) and physics (CRC-TR 6, CRC-TR 18).[9] The Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ) and the Bioeconomy Science Center (a cluster of 54 departments of the universities of Aachen, Bonn and Düsseldorf, as well as the Forschungszentrum Jülich) are important organisations forming the local research environment.

Business Administration and Economics

The Oeconomicum is home to the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.

One of HHU’s smaller faculties, the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, attracted about 1,100 students in the winter semester 2011/12. The faculty is housed in the futuristic Oeconomicum building and offers Business Administration (B.Sc. and M.Sc.), Economics (B.Sc. and M.Sc.) and Business Chemistry (B.Sc. and M.Sc., in cooperation with the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences). Further education is provided by the Düsseldorf Business School (DBS), which offers MBA-Programmes against a tuition fee. Examples are General Management MBAs (in German as well as in English) and Health Management (in cooperation with the Health Care Academy Düsseldorf). A major research hub in economics is competition economics, funded through the DFG ANR Project and centred in the Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE). Business studies focus on finance, accounting, management and marketing.[10]

Law

Building of the Faculty of Law: the Juridicum.

Düsseldorf's Faculty of Law is one of the highest-ranked law schools in all of Germany and is also regarded as such by the country's leading lawyers and judges. The law studies in Düsseldorf are very exclusive and in 2017 and 2018 the faculty had the highest admission requirements out of all law schools in Germany. Only 320 new students are admitted each year.

The Faculty of Law offers practically oriented courses for the state examination in law through cooperation with various local institutions (e.g. courts such as the Appeal Court, District Court and Finance Court).

Beyond that, a specialty is a German-French course of law studies organized together with the University of Cergy-Pontoise near Paris which annually gives 15 German and 15 French law students the possibility to study both legal systems since 2005.[11] Graduates of this three year law course are awarded the German legal "Zwischenprüfung" (German LL.B. equivalent) as well as the French "licence mention droit" (French LL.B. equivalent). Since 2008, the universities offer a subsequent two year course whose participants specialize in business, labor as well as employment law and graduate with the French "Master 2 mention droit de l'entreprise" (French J.D. equivalent).[12] Subsequently, they are also eligible for the German state examination in law (German J.D. equivalent) and for an admission exam with a French attorney's law school (École de formation de barreau - EFB)[13].

Another speciality is an extra-curricular qualification in Anglo-American law.

Further education is provided by Düsseldorf Law School (DLS), which offers postgraduate masters in the protection of commercial rights, information rights and medical rights against a tuition fee. Research focuses on commercial law, European law and international law. Hubs are the Centre for Information and Technology Law (ZfI), the Centre for Medical Law (IMR), the Insurance Law Institute, and the Institute of German and International Party Law and Party Research (PRuF).[14]

Governance

The President’s Office

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf is a public corporation of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia. Its degree of autonomy from state ministries and other legal bodies is defined in the Higher Education Autonomy Act (HFG) of 31 October 2006. The rectorate (also called the president’s office, see HFG §15) manages the university. Its members are the president, four vice-presidents and the chancellor. From October 2008 to 2014, the president has been the physiologist Professor Michael Piper. Since November 2014 Professor Anja Steinbeck is the president of the HHU.[15]

The university council

The University Council consists of three internal and five external members. It gives advice to the president’s office and supervises their administration of university business (§21,3 HFG). The first University Council was inaugurated in October 2007. Current chairperson of the council is Anne-José Paulsen, a judge and president of the Appeal Court of Düsseldorf (Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf).[16]

The senate

The Senate is the central democratic organ for discussions between the university’s various status groups. Their representatives are elected by the university public. Further senate members are the chancellor and the president. University law gives the senate the right to confirm elected rectorate members in their office. Furthermore, it can give "recommendations and statements" concerning the university’s development. To a certain extent, statements have a binding character for the President’s Office.[17]

Faculty council

Each faculty council represents the interests of the various status groups within a faculty. It elects a dean as the head of faculty management (Dean’s Office). Deans represent a faculty and its interests to the president’s office.

Student representation

The student parliament is the highest plenary organ of all matriculated students at HHU. The central representative of student life and the voice of students’ demands in university politics is the AStA (Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss). One student association for each academic subject represents the interests of the students within the university community.[18]

Central Administration

The central administration has five departments: student affairs, academic management, personnel and organisation, finance, and facility management. It is the backbone of the university in terms of formal structures and governance processes. Head of approximately 340 administrative staff is the chancellor. Furthermore, the chancellor’s three staff offices are responsible for legal advisory, work safety and protection of the environment, and internal auditing. Current tasks for the university administration are the implementation of a campus management system as well as the renovation and improvement of campus infrastructure.[19]

Research

HHU’s motto, "Life.Nature.Society", suggests its core competencies in research and teaching. Effective cooperation with university and non-university partners led to a rise in third-party funding from 49 million Euros in 2008 to 67 million Euros in 2011. Projects of the Medical Faculty account for circa 35 million Euros of this competitive budget.[20]

Renowned research collaborations and high-class individual projects made various national and international successes possible:

National

In 2012 HHU and its partner institutions – the University of Cologne, the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research and Forschungszentrum Jülich – received the grant for the Cluster of Excellence CEPLAS in the Excellence Initiative of the German Federal and State Governments. CEPLAS will investigate solutions for a resource-efficient plant growth against the backdrop of a growing world population on the one hand and dwindling natural resources on the other.[21]

International

HHU is currently involved in 23 international projects funded within the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme. 11 further international projects have just ended. Two HHU researchers at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences have thus far attained the highest award at European Level, the ERC Advanced Grant.[22]

A culture of entrepreneurship

HHU promotes research- and knowledge-based start-ups. Its concept to strengthen an entrepreneurial culture at and around HHU was successful in the EXIST competition of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany). The Centre for Entrepreneurship Düsseldorf (CEDUS) functions as HHU’s local one-stop shop for all queries related to self-employment and starting one’s own company. Available support includes coaching, the acquisition of grants, professional training and further education.[23] The transfer agency DIWA GmbH is responsible for any coordinated activity in this field.

Teaching

Teaching enjoys top priority at HHU. In recent years the university has undertaken substantial efforts to improve study conditions and the quality of teaching through various projects:

HHU successfully competed in the Quality Pact for Teaching of the Federal Government and the Länder. This resulted in a nine-million-Euro grant for the university’s integrated quality improvement scheme "iQu" over the coming five years. Cornerstones of this project are increased students’ success rates at high levels of academic quality, designing a systematic training concept for all teaching staff, and reinforcing the e-learning and e-teaching concepts already established during the HeinEComp project.[24]

To support new students during their first weeks and months at HHU, senior students have been offering orientation tutorials for several years. These are meant to communicate both subject-specific studying and working techniques as well as to act as practical guides to the support and service structures of the university.

In addition to academic knowledge, social key competences and language skills are essential prerequisites for a successful start into working life. This is why HHU offers counselling and training in job-relevant skills through its Careers service, the Languages Centre, the Department German as a Foreign Language, the General Studies Centre, and the job-oriented modular study programme KUBUS. These services, which are open to all students, have been combined under the roof of the Student Academy since October 2012.[25]

HHU invests up to 300,000 Euros per year to promote teaching and study projects that feature outstanding innovations. This nationally unique action has so far supported nearly one hundred projects since the implementation of the respective teaching fund in 2008. Beyond that, students can nominate especially active and innovative teachers for several awards. The hein@ward for e-teaching and the HHU teaching award, for example, make original teaching and study concepts visible within the university community.

International profile

Strategy and goals

Internationalisation efforts at HHU reflect the university’s goals and measures as formulated in its internationalisation strategy. Up until 2015 HHU’s internationalisation activities will focus on the areas of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral studies as well as teaching. Thereby, bringing together students with different backgrounds plays an important role: HHU not only provides support for students, staff, and teachers planning to spend time abroad, but also engages in the promotion of internationalisation@home experiences. Measures also include the improvement of extensive assistance for international students, researchers, and guests.[26]

International guests

With 15 per cent of international students, HHU traditionally enjoyed an above-average popularity among German destinations. Due to the constant rise in higher education demand by German students in recent years, however, this percentage has declined to around 12 per cent.

HHU is a signatory of the National Code of Conduct for German Universities Regarding International Students and fully supports the measures proposed therein. In detail, HHU students profit from the following measures:

  • International Student Orientation Service (iSOS): The iSOS provides counselling and practical support in matters related to study offers, visa issues, finding an apartment and language classes.
  • Tutorials: HHU offers extra tutorials in subjects with a traditionally high degree of international students to explain programme-specific working and studying methods.
  • Career Planning: Towards the end of their studies, students can take the opportunity to learn about methods of job search and letter etiquette for job applications in Germany.

International study programmes and doctoral studies

At present five degree programmes at HHU are taught in English: The Faculty of Arts and Humanities offers English Studies (B.A.), Comparative Studies in English and American Literature (M.A.) and European Studies (M.A.); furthermore, an International M.Sc. in Biology and an English-language M.Sc. in Physics address students at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.[27] International doctoral research programmes are available in the "Faculties" section.

International partners in higher education

Key regions of HHU’s internationalisation activities are Europe, United States , Japan and the Near East. At the moment there are 13 collaborations at university level, 80 collaborations in research or teaching at faculty or institute level, and over 140 Erasmus partnerships.[28]

Equal opportunities

It is a central goal of HHU to ensure the equal treatment of women and men regarding working conditions and career options. Together with the further improvement of family friendliness, these issues and goals have been formalised in the university’s equal opportunity concept. The university has been certified for its family friendliness (since 2008, certificate renewed in 2011) and bears the "Total E-Quality" label (since 2007, certificate renewed in 2010). Concrete equal opportunity measures are the SelmaMeyerMentoring programme, a coaching for female professors, the COMEBACK programme to facilitate the reintegration of young parents in an academic career, and special qualification programmes for female researchers. A family counselling office was opened in 2006: it organises babysitting for emergency situations, activities for kids during school holidays, and father-and-child activities.[29]

Student life

The Student Service Centre (SSC) offers counselling and services for 12 hours each day from Monday to Friday. Beyond this regular service, various events in the course of each academic year address students’ information demands. Examples are the campus fair or the information day giving insights into how to study and live in Düsseldorf.

Sports are coordinated by the students’ representation (AStA) of Düsseldorf’s four higher education institutions in a joint initiative. On offer are about 100 kinds of sports, workshops and sports holidays. Once a year the four AStAs organise a common sports day.[30]

Musical initiatives include the AStA’s Local Heroes event, a platform for local bands, as well as jam sessions. There is also a semi-professional university orchestra. Once a year the short film competition for young talents from the region takes place on campus. There are various (student) associations, clubs, networks and societies. Examples are the local UNICEF group, a debating club, the European Student Network and the campus radio.

Since 1989 the Heinrich Heine Guest Lecture has repeatedly drawn high-profile speakers to the university’s campus. These guest professors usually perform a small series of lectures for the general public on topic(s) that are currently in the focus of public attention. Speakers have included, for example, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Helmut Schmidt and Joschka Fischer. New traditions have come to supplement the guest lecture: since 2010 the "University Speech" and since 2011 the "Heinrich Heine Professorship for Business and Economics", both performed by external speakers of high calibre.

Study fees and scholarships

Student housing on campus (established in 1992).

As a German public university, HHU receives funding from the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia and therefore does not charge tuition fees. However, a small service charge of currently about 230 Euros per semester (winter semester 2012/13) has become necessary to cover the expenses of the AStA, of student services such as housing and canteen organisation (Studentenwerk) and the semester ticket for free rides on all local trains and busses.[31] Various scholarships are available to cover specific student expenses and/or needs. For example, there are bursary programmes to cover living costs, facilitate stays abroad, or to finish one’s final thesis. Within the National Scholarship Programme at German universities, for example, HHU currently ranks among the top 5 providers of scholarships.[32]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "University Facts and Figures 2015/2016". University of Düsseldorf. https://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/fileadmin/redaktion/ZUV/Dezernat_5/Statistiken/Zahlenspiegel_Flyer/Flyer_2015_2016_englisch.pdf. Retrieved 2017-06-18. 
  2. ↑ WEST GERMAN UNIVERSITIES: WHAT TO CALL THEM? by John Vinocur, The New York Times , 31 March 1982
  3. ↑ "University and State Library Düsseldorf". http://www.ulb.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  4. ↑ "Botanical Garden". http://www.botanischergarten.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  5. ↑ "Medical Research School Düsseldorf". http://www.medrsd.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  6. ↑ "Research at the Medical Faculty". http://www.medizin.hhu.de/en/research.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  7. ↑ "Research at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities (in German)". http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/forschung/. Retrieved 2013-04-08. 
  8. ↑ "Interdisciplinary Graduate and Research Academy Düsseldorf". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/iGRAD/index.php?id=31&L=0. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  9. ↑ "Research at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences". http://www.math-nat-fak.hhu.de/en/research.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  10. ↑ "Faculty of Business Administration and Economics". http://www.wiwi.hhu.de/nc/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  11. ↑ Über den Deutsch-Französischen Studienkurs, Website of the German-French course of law studies of the Faculty of Law of the University of Düsseldorf, retrieved on 22 October 2017.
  12. ↑ Über den Deutsch-Französischen Studienkurs, Website of the German-French course of law studies of the Faculty of Law of the University of Düsseldorf, retrieved on 22 October 2017.
  13. ↑ Voraussetzungen für die École de formation de barreau, École de formation de barreau, abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2017.
  14. ↑ "Faculty of Law". http://www.jura.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  15. ↑ "The President’s Office of HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/the-presidents-office.html. Retrieved 2015-05-25. 
  16. ↑ "HHU’s University Council". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/the-university-council.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  17. ↑ "Senate of HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/the-senate.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  18. ↑ "Student self-administration at HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/student-self-administration.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  19. ↑ "Central University Administration". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/central-university-administration.html. Retrieved 2013-04-08. 
  20. ↑ "University Facts and Figures". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/fileadmin/redaktion/ZUV/Dezernat_2/Abteilung_2.2/Flyer/120914_Flyer_Englisch.pdf. Retrieved 2013-04-05. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  21. ↑ "CEPLAS – Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences". http://ceplas.eu/en/. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  22. ↑ "EU Projects". http://www.forschung.uni-duesseldorf.de/en/key-research-areas.html. Retrieved 2013-04-08. 
  23. ↑ "Center for Entrepreneurship Düsseldorf". http://www.cedus.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  24. ↑ "Integrated Quality Initiative for Teaching and Studies". http://www.iqu.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  25. ↑ "Student Academy". http://www.studierendenakademie.hhu.de/en.html. Retrieved 2014-08-22. 
  26. ↑ "HHU Internationalisation Strategy". https://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/redaktion/fileadmin/redaktion/ZUV/Dezernat_1/International_Office/HA/Internationalisierungsstrategie_HHU_17_EN.pdf. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  27. ↑ "Study Programmes at HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/studying-and-teaching-at-hhu/studying/all-courses-of-study-at-heinrich-heine-university.html. Retrieved 2013-04-08. 
  28. ↑ "International partnerships of HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/international/general-questions/hhus-international-contacts-and-partner-universities.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  29. ↑ "Central Equal Opportunities Officer of HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/about-hhu/university-facilities/commissioned-persons/equal-opportunities-officer.html#c719. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  30. ↑ "Website of HHU’s student union (in German)". http://asta.uni-duesseldorf.de. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  31. ↑ "Semester fee at HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/studying-and-teaching-at-hhu/studying/studienbeitraege/weiterfuehrende-informationen/semester-fee-at-hhu.html. Retrieved 2013-04-05. 
  32. ↑ "Scholarships at HHU". http://www.uni-duesseldorf.de/home/en/studying-and-teaching-at-hhu/studying/scholarships.html. Retrieved 2013-04-08. 

External links

[ ⚑ ] 51°11′25″N 6°47′39″E / 51.19028°N 6.79417°E / 51.19028; 6.79417




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