Organization:HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee

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Short description: Committee for human gene name standards
HGNC
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee logo.png
Content
DescriptionHGNC is responsible for approving unique symbols and names for human loci, including protein coding genes, RNA genes and pseudogenes, to allow unambiguous scientific communication.
Data types
captured		Gene nomenclature
OrganismsHuman
Contact
Research centreEMBL-EBI, UK;
Primary citationBraschi et al. (2019)[1]
Access
Websitewww.genenames.org
www.genenames.org/news
Download URLStatistics & Downloads
Custom Downloads
HGNC Biomart
Web service URLrest.genenames.org
Tools
Web applicationHGNC Comparison of Orthology Predictions,[2][3] Search
Miscellaneous
Curation policyYes

The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) is a committee of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) that sets the standards for human gene nomenclature. The HGNC approves a unique and meaningful name for every known human gene,[4][5] based on a query of experts. In addition to the name, which is usually 1 to 10 words long, the HGNC also assigns a symbol (a short group of characters) to every gene. As with an SI symbol, a gene symbol is like an abbreviation but is more than that, being a second unique name that can stand on its own just as much as substitute for the longer name. It may not necessarily "stand for" the initials of the name, although many gene symbols do reflect that origin.

Purpose

Full gene names, and especially gene abbreviations and symbols, are often not specific to a single gene. A marked example is CAP which can refer to any of 6 different genes (BRD4 , CAP1 , HACD1 , LNPEP , SERPINB6 , and SORBS1 ).

The HGNC short gene names, or gene symbols, unlike previously used or published symbols, are specifically assigned to one gene only. This can result in less common abbreviations being selected but reduces confusion as to which gene is referred to.

Naming guidelines

The HGNC published its latest human gene naming guidelines in 2020.[5] These may be summarized as:[6]

  1. gene symbols must be unique
  2. symbols should only contain Latin letters and Arabic numerals
  3. symbols should not contain punctuation or "G" for gene
  4. symbols do not contain any reference to the species they are encoded in, i.e. "H/h" for human

The HGNC states that "gene nomenclature should evolve with new technology rather than be restrictive, as sometimes occurs when historical and single gene nomenclature systems are applied."[7] The HGNC has also issued guides to specific locus types such as endogenous retroviral loci,[8] structural variants[9] and non-coding RNAs.[10][11][12]

Naming procedure

When assigning new gene nomenclature the HGNC make efforts to contact authors who have published on the human gene in question by email, and their responses to the proposed nomenclature are requested. HGNC also coordinates with the related Mouse and Rat Genomic Nomenclature Committees, other database curators, and experts for given specific gene families or sets of genes.

Revision

The gene name revision procedure is similar to the naming procedure, but changing a standardized gene name after establishment of a consensus can create confusion, therefore the merit of this is controversial. For this reason the HGNC aims to change a gene name only if agreement for that change can be reached among a majority of researchers working on that gene.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Genenames.org: the HGNC and VGNC resources in 2019". Nucleic Acids Research 47 (D1): D786–D792. January 2019. doi:10.1093/nar/gky930. PMID 30304474. 
  2. ↑ "HCOP: the HGNC comparison of orthology predictions search tool". Mammalian Genome 16 (11): 827–8. November 2005. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0103-2. PMID 16284797. 
  3. ↑ "HCOP: a searchable database of human orthology predictions". Briefings in Bioinformatics 8 (1): 2–5. January 2007. doi:10.1093/bib/bbl030. PMID 16951416. 
  4. ↑ "About the HGNC | HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee". https://www.genenames.org/about/overview. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bruford, Elspeth A.; Braschi, Bryony; Denny, Paul; Jones, Tamsin E. M.; Seal, Ruth L.; Tweedie, Susan (August 2020). "Guidelines for human gene nomenclature". Nature Genetics 52 (8): 754–758. doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0669-3. PMID 32747822. 
  6. ↑ "HGNC Guidelines | HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee". https://www.genenames.org/about/guidelines/. 
  7. ↑ "Guidelines for human gene nomenclature. An international system for human gene nomenclature (ISGN, 1987)". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 46 (1–4): 11–28. 1987. doi:10.1159/000132471. PMID 3507270. 
  8. ↑ "A revised nomenclature for transcribed human endogenous retroviral loci". Mobile DNA 2 (1): 7. May 2011. doi:10.1186/1759-8753-2-7. PMID 21542922. 
  9. ↑ "Vive la différence: naming structural variants in the human reference genome". Human Genomics 7 (1): 12. May 2013. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-7-12. PMID 23634723. 
  10. ↑ "Naming 'junk': human non-protein coding RNA (ncRNA) gene nomenclature". Human Genomics 5 (2): 90–8. January 2011. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-5-2-90. PMID 21296742. 
  11. ↑ "A short guide to long non-coding RNA gene nomenclature". Human Genomics 8 (1): 7. April 2014. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-8-7. PMID 24716852. 
  12. ↑ "A guide to naming human non-coding RNA genes". EMBO J 39 (6): e103777. Feb 2020. doi:10.15252/embj.2019103777. PMID 32090359. 

External links



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