Product metric
In mathematics, a product metric is a metric on the Cartesian product of finitely many metric spaces [math]\displaystyle{ (X_1,d_{X_1}),\ldots,(X_n,d_{X_n}) }[/math] which metrizes the product topology. The most prominent product metrics are the p product metrics for a fixed [math]\displaystyle{ p\in[1,\infty) }[/math] : It is defined as the p norm of the n-vector of the distances measured in n subspaces:
- [math]\displaystyle{ d_p((x_1,\ldots,x_n),(y_1,\ldots,y_n)) = \|\left(d_{X_1}(x_1,y_1), \ldots, d_{X_n}(x_n,y_n)\right)\|_p }[/math]
For [math]\displaystyle{ p=\infty }[/math] this metric is also called the sup metric:
- [math]\displaystyle{ d_{\infty} ((x_1,\ldots,x_n),(y_1,\ldots,y_n)) := \max \left\{ d_{X_1}(x_1,y_1), \ldots, d_{X_n}(x_n,y_n) \right\}. }[/math]
Choice of norm
For Euclidean spaces, using the L2 norm gives rise to the Euclidean metric in the product space; however, any other choice of p will lead to a topologically equivalent metric space. In the category of metric spaces (with Lipschitz maps having Lipschitz constant 1), the product (in the category theory sense) uses the sup metric.
The case of Riemannian manifolds
For Riemannian manifolds [math]\displaystyle{ (M_1,g_1) }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ (M_2,g_2) }[/math], the product metric [math]\displaystyle{ g=g_1\oplus g_2 }[/math] on [math]\displaystyle{ M_1\times M_2 }[/math] is defined by
- [math]\displaystyle{ g(X_1+X_2,Y_1+Y_2)=g_1(X_1,Y_1)+g_2(X_2,Y_2) }[/math]
for [math]\displaystyle{ X_i,Y_i\in T_{p_i}M_i }[/math] under the natural identification [math]\displaystyle{ T_{(p_1,p_2)}(M_1\times M_2)=T_{p_1}M_1\oplus T_{p_2}M_2 }[/math].
References
- Encyclopedia of Distances, Springer-Verlag, 2009, p. 83, https://books.google.com/books?id=LXEezzccwcoC&pg=PA83.
- Lee, John (1997), Riemannian manifolds, Springer Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-98322-6.
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