Astronomy:14 Herculis c
.png) Direct image of 14 Herculis c taken with the James Webb Space Telescope. Its host star is blocked by a coronagraph. | |
| Discovery[3][2] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Goździewski et al.; Rosenthal et al. |
| Discovery site | Observatoire de Haute-Provence,[1] Keck & AFP[2] |
| Discovery date | 17 November 2005 (candidate) 2 July 2021 (confirmed) |
| Doppler spectroscopy | |
| Designations | |
| HD 145675 c | |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| 20.0+12.0 −4.9 astronomical unit|AU[4] 28.1+6.4 −6.8 AU[5] | |
| Eccentricity | 0.64+0.06 −0.10[5] |
| Orbital period | 52,160±1,030 days (142.8±2.8 years)[4] |
| Inclination | 111.9°+5.4° −5.5°[5] |
| Longitude of ascending node | 205.1°+7.448° −10.31°[4] |
| astron|astron|helion}} | 2,451,779±33 JD[6] |
| 172.5°+4.011° −4.584°[4] | |
| Semi-amplitude | 50.8±0.4 m/s[6] |
| Star | 14 Herculis |
| Physical characteristics[4] | |
| Mean radius | 1.03±0.01 RJ |
| Mass | 7.9+1.6 −1.2 MJ |
| 4.25±0.15 cgs | |
| Physics | 275 K (2 °C; 35 °F) |
14 Herculis c or 14 Her c is the outermost of two known exoplanets orbiting the star 14 Herculis, approximately 58.4 light-years away in the constellation of Hercules. The planet has a mass that would make it a gas giant roughly the same size as Jupiter but much more massive.
Discovery
14 Herculis c was discovered by the radial velocity method. Its discovery was first reported in 2005 (published in 2006),[3] using data from the ELODIE Planet Search survey.[1] It remained a planet candidate until its existence was securely confirmed in 2021.[2]
According to a 2007 analysis, the existence of a second planet in the 14 Herculis system was "clearly" supported by the evidence, but the planet's parameters were not precisely known. It may be in a 4:1 resonance with the inner planet 14 Herculis b.[7]
The inclination and true mass of 14 Herculis c were measured in 2021, using data from Gaia,[8] and refined by further astrometric studies in 2022 and 2023,[9][6] as well by a 2025 study using James Webb Space Telescope astrometry. The inclination is 116°, corresponding to a true mass of 7.1 |♃|J}}}}}}.[6]
Direct imaging
The planet was directly imaged with the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument in 2025. The observations determined a temperature of 275 K (2 °C), making it one of the coldest exoplanets directly imaged. They also re-measured its orbital elements, finding it to be closer to the star, at around 15 AU, on a highly eccentric orbit, as well as measuring its orbital inclination, finding it to be misaligned with 14 Herculis b by 40°. At wavelengths of 4.4 μm, its apparent magnitude is fainter than expected, hinting at disequilibrium chemistry and/or water ice clouds.[10][4]
See also
- Epsilon Eridani b
- Epsilon Indi Ab
- HD 222237
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Naef, D.; Mayor, M.; Beuzit, J. L.; Perrier, C.; Queloz, D.; Sivan, J. P.; Udry, S. (January 2004). "The ELODIE survey for northern extra-solar planets. III. Three planetary candidates detected with ELODIE" (in en). Astronomy and Astrophysics 414: 351–359. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034091. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2004A&A...414..351N. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004A&A...414..351N/abstract.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Dedrick, Cayla M.; Sherstyuk, Ilya A.; Blunt, Sarah C. et al. (2021), "The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 255 (1): 8, doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c, Bibcode: 2021ApJS..255....8R
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goździewski, K.; Konacki, M.; Maciejewski, A. J. (2006). "Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874". The Astrophysical Journal 645 (1): 688–703. doi:10.1086/504030. Bibcode: 2006ApJ...645..688G. http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5547/1/GOZapj06.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella et al. (June 2025). "JWST Coronagraphic Images of 14 Her c: a Cold Giant Planet in a Dynamically Hot, Multi-planet System". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 988: L18. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ade30f. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...988L..18B.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Xiao, Guang-Yao; Feng, Fabo (2025). "Updated Mutual Inclination Measurement for 14 Her b and C". Research Notes of the AAS 9 (7): 187. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/adef49. Bibcode: 2025RNAAS...9..187X.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Benedict, G. F. et al. (May 2023). "The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry". The Astronomical Journal 166 (1): 27. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a. Bibcode: 2023AJ....166...27B.
- ↑ Wittenmyer, R. A.; Endl, M.; Cochran, W. D. (2007). "Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis". The Astrophysical Journal 654 (1): 625–632. doi:10.1086/509110. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...654..625W.
- ↑ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C. et al. (1 December 2021). "14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 922 (2): L43. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c. Bibcode: 2021ApJ...922L..43B.
- ↑ Feng, Fabo et al. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (21): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F.
- ↑ "Frigid Exoplanet in Strange Orbit Imaged by NASA's Webb" (in en). https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2025/news-2025-125.
External links
- Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet 14 Her c". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_c--309/. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
- "14 Herculis". SolStation. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080719164703/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
Coordinates: 
16h 10m 23.59s, +43° 49′ 18.2″
 |  |
