Astronomy:3C 411

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3C 411
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Pan-STARRS image of 3C 411.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationDelphinus
Right ascension 20h 22m 08.43s[1]
Declination+10° 01′ 11.26″[1]
Redshift0.467000[1]
Helio radial velocity140,003 km/s[1]
Distance4.947 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)19.70
Characteristics
TypeN galaxy HEG[1]
Other designations
4C +09.67, PKS 2019+09, LEDA 2817722, PKS B2019+098, NVSS J202208+100110, OW +032, DA 512, NRAO 0627, TXS 2019+098[1]

3C 411 is a high-excitation Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 radio galaxy (HEG)[2] located in the constellation of Delphinus. The estimated redshift for this galaxy is (z) 0.467[1][3] and it was first recorded in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962.[4] It was classified as an extragalactic radio source in 1974 by astronomers,[5] before being identified as an N galaxy, that is described to have a distant redshift based on an observation by Hyron Spinrad.[6]

Description

3C 411 is a broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG).[7] It is found to contain a double lobed source. When observed through radio mapping, the source is found to contain a radio emission bridge of low surface brightness connecting the components, with a nuclear point source dominating over the optical object.[6] Imaging by the Very Large Array (VLA) in 1984 showed the source is heavily depolarized with the radio spectrum steepening outside the location of its hotspots. A radio jet is also shown linking with a central component with the hotspot feature that is located in the western radio lobe.[8] At 15 GHz the source also shows signs of spectra steepening in both of its lobes.[9]

An observation conducted in 2014 by XMM Newton found 3C 411 is a flat spectrum radio quasar. It is found to have a cold accretion disk around its central supermassive black hole. The estimated mass of the black hole is 3 x 107 Mʘ, and the object has a total flux density of 2.20 ± 0.16 x 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1. A double power-law component was also found in 3C 411, mainly made up of a hard component and a Seyfert type-like component.[10]

In March 2019 the object was thought to have a blazar core in its center. However when observed, its jet is shown as straight on a trajectory path with an inclination angle at 50°. Although Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations found the core as compact, it is found to be modelled by multiple jet components instead of a blazar jet, ruling out the possibly of it being classified as a blazar.[11]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "NED Search results for 3C 411". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=3C+411&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ Varano, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Capetti, A. (2004-12-01). "The nuclear radio-optical properties of intermediate-redshift FR II radio galaxies and quasars" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 428 (2): 401–408. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040303. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2004A&A...428..401V. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2004/47/aa0303-04.pdf. 
  3. ↑ Tadhunter, C. N.; Scarrott, S. M.; Draper, P.; Rolph, C. (May 1992). "The optical polarizations of high- and intermediate-redshift radio galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 256 (1): 53P–58P. doi:10.1093/mnras/256.1.53p. ISSN 0035-8711. https://watermark02.silverchair.com/mnras256-053P.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA14wggNaBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggNLMIIDRwIBADCCA0AGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMIbENvDI_DID8-qY7AgEQgIIDEYJMfvDUh1CWWbtS4OIKRtKwrCY_jZkE-BwVxcwFvkKl8JMSfWyU0j9ZhwQrtwskfj13su6Wn4NjfvikpktdkRAQfObEgvf0_KJf2zkg5V_JaVgCt3DKQZZP6URnLDO9_R0Z87sRoDbxfHNuQYpTItwE8JSAMdSkwbQWguf0uwQNK0RhDxOY8XXKtxp0SSbJ_MWwfvuisHsa2qMKOjckWpnGNpFYkfdmkUfle6wukKzsfKMqd73CkyYc7qmwkvAA3tKsB4uaO-VdXnmglqZ-N7Q6OBAXFvi3g47dgYb2kElinoi0A_C1m3OxF4SrMRySutg-P_Lrt-Ix21zWCEyh64jly2kAUDQGNxic_-DkaNZnqg7t2EWkEiTzp643NVMynmabwBXWOAU4kPy-WEKovfDBi7mkWSY_Vo3G1aXUxmTu0I0iuP1a61x-Fw5FyY5ThyR0TeK9-bT5773HE44PXkxTWWjyS1CLbzZIiZ4OjWPLwM60VZMsPDYj7y4Pdi7HYUV268QOfLv3f3Rnf-uPQnO_kEbmSBYEnezrSOvc8XUgBxIGnt-dEYZGdDoqMdTd1hcw5gBq_AX7rfSVd6XlDZplRBYp9mC_dUbHbY4TUPSmTvlgtTKe6_hBxFbK9Ue5C1nDPPFUyZ8QfBApfUa8GPHYeu-kqQOFS4FOajgYknzXyEZrzpBsDGQELbGxouQZCruzJLH6YmUg9-NRqd-rP27juEZRrXoL-gV0ERzzZ7p1696N-DB2BdYwUqNqGvfb436L6XjcWkE0czBtJ8FRiJm8ISQALSIsbq8SAW6ZI3xocS5Tam_b2lx6B6oDVFpZQT_Ym6D-ovWrgRHliyMv6if2TRoasf833MP2vXJNCjEoKqZhYavZlUunr7QwJe7RwCwwBRbSaT8jTUZ7U-3pK4dVmrX5d-smKmJaRBf4bWDjZMXN36mL-cTRrD9-OLCGEPZDJIUb_JJOxaFJ-9Ch1qPXTOoINWe3ev3i4tQYguz7WrkcL6-YWwQ_xh8yqg14MtdAwQROT5FzjpKU5II4uBhd. 
  4. ↑ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources." (in en). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 68: 163. Bibcode: 1962MmRAS..68..163B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1962MmRAS..68..163B/abstract. 
  5. ↑ Pooley, G. G.; Henbest, S. N. (December 1974). "Observations of 48 extragalactic radio sources with the Cambridge 5-km telescope at 5 GHz." (in en). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 169 (3): 477–526. doi:10.1093/mnras/169.3.477. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1974MNRAS.169..477P. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. (May 1975). "3C 411: a newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift." (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 198: 7–11. doi:10.1086/153571. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1975ApJ...198....7S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975ApJ...198....7S/abstract. 
  7. ↑ Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, Y.; Cheung, C. C.; Hayashida, M.; Grandi, P.; Burnett, T. H.; Celotti, A. et al. (2011-07-18), "BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXIES OBSERVED WITH FERMI -LAT: THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV γ-RAY EMISSION", The Astrophysical Journal 740 (1): 29, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/29, Bibcode: 2011ApJ...740...29K 
  8. ↑ Spangler, S. R.; Pogge, J. J. (March 1984). "VLA observations of the distant radio galaxy 3C 411." (in en). The Astronomical Journal 89: 342–349. doi:10.1086/113519. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1984AJ.....89..342S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984AJ.....89..342S/abstract. 
  9. ↑ Fey, A. L.; Spangler, S. R.; Myers, S. T. (June 1986). "15 GHz VLA observations of the radio galaxies 3C 166 and 3C 411." (in en). The Astronomical Journal 91: 1279–1285. doi:10.1086/114103. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1986AJ.....91.1279F. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986AJ.....91.1279F/abstract. 
  10. ↑ Bostrom, Allison; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Tombesi, Francesco (2014-08-05). "AN XMM-NEWTON VIEW OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 411". The Astrophysical Journal 791 (2): 119. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/119. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..119B. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/119. 
  11. ↑ Perger, Krisztina; Frey, Sándor; Gabányi, Krisztina É (March 2019). "Is There a Blazar Nested in the Core of the Radio Galaxy 3C 411?" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 873 (1): 61. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab040f. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2019ApJ...873...61P. 



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