Astronomy:HR 8799 c

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Short description: Exoplanet orbiting HR 8799


HR 8799 c
Exoplanet Comparison HR 8799 c.png
Size comparison of HR 8799 c (gray) with Jupiter.
Discovery
Discovered byMarois et al.
Discovery siteKeck and Gemini
observatories in Hawaii
Discovery dateNovember 13, 2008
Direct imaging
Orbital characteristics
~ 38 AU
Orbital period~ 190[1][note 1] y
StarHR 8799
Physical characteristics
Mean radius1.3[2] |♃|J}}}}}}
Physics1090+10−90[1] K


HR 8799 c is an extrasolar planet located approximately 129 light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus, orbiting the 6th magnitude Lambda Boötis star HR 8799. This planet has a mass between 5 and 10 Jupiter masses and a radius from 20 to 30% larger than Jupiter's. It orbits at 38 AU from HR 8799 with an unknown eccentricity and a period of 190 years; it is the 2nd planet discovered in the HR 8799 system. Along with two other planets orbiting HR 8799, this planet was discovered on November 13, 2008, by Marois et al., using the Keck and the Gemini observatories in Hawaii. These planets were discovered using the direct imaging technique.[1][3][4][5][6] In January 2010, HR 8799 c became the 3rd exoplanet to have a portion of its spectrum directly observed (following 2M1207b and 1RXS J1609b), confirming the feasibility of direct spectrographic studies of exoplanets.[2][7]

Spectra

Spectrum of planet around HR8799. Credit: ESO/M. Janson.
The spectrum of the planet HR 8799 c. The spectrum of the star and the planet was obtained with the NACO adaptive optics instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope.

Near infrared spectroscopy from 995 to 1769 nanometers made with the Palomar Observatory show evidence of ammonia, perhaps some acetylene but neither carbon dioxide nor substantial methane.[8] High resolution spectroscopy with the OSIRIS instrument on the Keck Observatory show numerous well resolved lines of molecular absorption in the planet's atmosphere in the K band. Although methane is absent, the planet's atmosphere contains both water and carbon monoxide; the carbon-to-oxygen ratio of HR 8799 c is higher than that of its star, suggesting that the planet formed through the core accretion process.[9][10]

Later, in November 2018, researchers confirmed the existence of water and the absence of methane in the atmosphere of HR 8799c, using high-resolution spectroscopy and near-infrared adaptive optics (NIRSPAO) at the Keck Observatory.[11][12]

The detection of water and carbon monoxide in the planetary atmosphere was announced in 2021.[13]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Value given assuming the planet's orbit is circular and is being observed face-on.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Marois, Christian et al. (November 2008). "Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799". Science 322 (5906): 1348–1352. doi:10.1126/science.1166585. PMID 19008415. Bibcode: 2008Sci...322.1348M. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jason, M.; C. Bergfors; M. Goto; W. Brandner; D. Lafrenière (2010). "Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the exoplanet HR 8799 c". The Astrophysical Journal 710 (1): L35–L38. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/710/1/l35. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...710L..35J. http://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1002/eso1002.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  3. ↑ "Astronomers capture first images of newly-discovered solar system" (Press release). W. M. Keck Observatory. 2008-11-13. Archived from the original on 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  4. ↑ "Gemini Releases Historic Discovery Image of Planetary First Family" (Press release). Gemini Observatory. 2008-11-13. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  5. ↑ Achenbach, Joel (2008-11-13). "Scientists Publish First Direct Images of Extrasolar Planets". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/13/AR2008111302267.html. Retrieved 2008-12-02. 
  6. ↑ Fabrycky et al. (2010). "Stability of the directly imaged multiplanet system HR 8799: resonance and masses". Astrophys. J. 710 (2): 1408–1421. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1408. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...710.1408F. 
  7. ↑ Janson, M. (13 January 2010). "VLT Captures First Direct Spectrum of an Exoplanet". ESO (La Silla Observatory): 2. Bibcode: 2010eso..pres....2.. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1002/. Retrieved 2010-01-13. 
  8. ↑ B. R. Oppenheimer (2013). "Reconnaissance of the HR 8799 Exosolar System I: Near IR Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal (Cornell University) 768 (1): 24. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/24. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...768...24O. 
  9. ↑ "Alien planet's atmosphere contains water and carbon monoxide". http://www.salon.com/2013/03/14/alien_planets_atmosphere_contains_water_and_carbon_monoxide/. 
  10. ↑ "Giant Alien Planet in Supersized Solar System May Solve Mystery". 2013-03-14. http://www.space.com/20230-giant-planet-atmosphere-solar-system.html. 
  11. ↑ W. M. Keck Observatory (20 November 2018). "Exoplanet stepping stones - Researchers are perfecting technology to one day look for signs of alien life". EurekAlert!. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/wmko-ess112018.php. Retrieved 21 November 2018. 
  12. ↑ Wang, Ji (20 November 2018). "Detecting Water in the Atmosphere of HR 8799 c with L-band High-dispersion Spectroscopy Aided by Adaptive Optics". The Astronomical Journal 156 (6): 272. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae47b. Bibcode: 2018AJ....156..272W. 
  13. ↑ Wang, Jason J. et al. (2021), "Detection and Bulk Properties of the HR 8799 Planets with High-resolution Spectroscopy", The Astronomical Journal 162 (4): 148, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1349, Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..148W 

External links

Coordinates: Sky map 23h 07m 28.7150s, +21° 08′ 03.302″



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