Astronomy:Hubble 12

From HandWiki
Hb 12
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
Infrared image by the Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension 23h 26m 14.82s[1]
Declination58° 10′ 54.65″[1]
Distance7,305-46,477[2] ly
Apparent diameter~10"[3]
ConstellationCassiopeia
DesignationsPN G111.8-02.8[1]
See also: Lists of nebulae

Hubble 12 (Hb 12) is a bipolar planetary nebula with an hourglass like shape. The nebula has three pairs of bipolar lobes. Hb 12 was discovered by American astronomer Edwin Hubble in 1921.[4]

Characteristics

Hb 12 has three pairs of bipolar lobes with a faint Hα arc filament.[3] Additionally, the outermost lobe is fainter on the eastern side than on the western side, which may indicate less dense regions on the eastern side of the PN.[5]

The distance of Hb 12 is estimated to be ~2.24 kpc to ~14.25 kpc.[2] A zone with a high electron density of ~5x10⁵ cm-3 corresponds to an electron temperature of ~13,600 K.[5] A shocked [Fe II] line was found in the bipolar structures near the core.[6]

The central star

The central star of Hb 12 has an estimated temperature of ~35,000 K and a luminosity of ~1200 L⊙.[5] The appearance of highly structured bipolar lobes with two pairs of H² knots[7][8] suggests that multiple pulsed mass-loss episodes have occurred during the AGB or post-AGB phases.[9][10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "PN Hb 12". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/mobile/object.html?object_name=PN%20Hb%2012. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stanghellini, L.; Haywood, M. (May 2010). "The Galactic Structure and Chemical Evolution Traced by the Population of Planetary Nebulae". The Astrophysical Journal 714 (2): 1096–1107. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1096. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...714.1096S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...714.1096S/abstract. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kowk, S.; Hsia, C.-H. (May 2007). "Multiple Coaxial Rings in the Bipolar Nebula Hubble 12". The Astrophysical Journal 660 (1): 341–345. doi:10.1086/513096. Bibcode: 2007ApJ...660..341K. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJ...660..341K/abstract. 
  4. ↑ Hubble, E. (June 1921). "Twelve New Planetary Nebulae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 33 (193): 174. doi:10.1086/123070. Bibcode: 1921PASP...33..174H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1921PASP...33..174H/abstract. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hyung, S.; Aller, L. H. (January 1996). "The optical spectrum of the young planetary nebula Hubble 12". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 278 (2): 551–564. doi:10.1093/mnras/278.2.551. Bibcode: 1996MNRAS.278..551H. 
  6. ↑ Frank, A.; Welch, C. A.; Pipher, J. L.; Woodward, C. E.; Forrest, W. J. (September 1990). "[Fe II Bubbles in the Young Planetary Nebula Hubble 12"]. The Astrophysical Journal 512 (1): L69–L72. doi:10.1086/312206. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...522L..69W. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJ...522L..69W/abstract. 
  7. ↑ Hsia, C.-H.; Zhang, Y.; Kowk, S.; Chau, W. (February 2019). "A young multipolar planetary nebula in the making—IRAS 21282+5050". Astrophysics and Space Science 364 (2): 13–32. doi:10.1007/s10509-019-3523-2. Bibcode: 2019Ap&SS.364...32H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Ap%26SS.364...32H/abstract. 
  8. ↑ Fang, X.; Kowk, S.; Zhang, Y.; Hisa, C.-H.; Chau, W.; Ramos-Larios, G.; Guerrero, M. A. (June 2018). "Extended Structures of Planetary Nebula Detected in H² Emission". The Astrophysical Journal 859 (2): 23–92. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac01e. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...859...92F. 
  9. ↑ Clark, D. M.; Edwards, M. L.; López, J. A.; Winge, C. (November 2014). "A Detailed Study of the Structure of the Nested Planetary Nebula, Hb 12, the Matryoshka Nebula". The Astrophysical Journal 148 (5): 9–98. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/148/5/98. Bibcode: 2014AJ....148...98C. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AJ....148...98C/abstract98, 9 pp. 
  10. ↑ Vaytet, N. M. H.; Rushton, A. P.; Lloyd, M.; López, J. A.; Meaburn, J.; O'Brien, T. J.; Mitchell, D. L.; Pollacco, D. (September 2009). "High-speed knots in the hourglass-shaped planetary nebula Hubble 12". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 398 (1): 385–393. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15149.x. Bibcode: 2009MNRAS.398..385V. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Astronomy:Hubble_12&oldid=4560173"