Astronomy:III Zw 2

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III Zw 2
III Zw 2 captured by DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationPisces
Right ascension 00h 10m 31.0s
Declination10° 58′ 29.5″
Redshift0.089
Distance1.09 Gly (334.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.27
Apparent magnitude (B)0.36
Characteristics
TypeSy1.2
Size67,500 ly in diameter
Notable featuresFirst seyfert galaxy to show a superluminal jet
Other designations
PG 0007+106, Mrk 1501, PGC 737, RBS 0019, 2E 0029, NVSS J001030+105827

III Zw 2 is a Seyfert 1 galaxy located in the Pisces constellation. It has a redshift of 0.089 and is notable as the first of its kind to exhibit a superluminal jet.[1][2]

Discovery

III Zw 2 was first discovered by Fritz Zwicky via a 48-inch Schmidt survey as a stellar object with faint wisps.[3] However, it was confirmed to have a Seyfert morphology with classical broadline characteristic based on further spectroscopic studies.[4] It was also included in Palomar Green quasar sample.[5]

Characteristics

The host galaxy of III Zw 2 was initially classified as a spiral galaxy.[6][7] However according to a recent study made on its budge and disk decomposition via Hubble Space Telescope in 2009, it has since been reclassified as an elliptical galaxy.[8] It has a star-forming tidal bridge feature indicating a merger with a companion galaxy.[9] Furthermore, III Zw 2 belongs to a class of radio-intermediate quasars[10] and is a member of a triple galaxy system.[11]

Active nucleus

The nucleus of III Zw 2 is active. In additional, to its superluminal jet, the galaxy shows two distinctive γ-ray flares happening between November 2009 and May 2010, according to observations by Fermi-LAT.[11] It is also known to have a highly variable radio core flux density between factor of 20-30.[12]

Black hole

III Zw 2 contains a supermassive black hole[13] of 7.4 × 108 M⊙.[14] The black hole is responsible for producing an ionized wind outflow with a velocity of (−1780 ± 670) km s−1.[15] Approximately every five years the galaxy emits dramatic radio outbursts.[16][17]

References

  1. ↑ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teräsranta, H.; Lobanov, A. P.; Krichbaum, T. P. et al. (2000-05-01). "III Zw 2, the first superluminal jet in a Seyfert galaxy". Astronomy and Astrophysics 357: L45–L48. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2000A&A...357L..45B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000A&A...357L..45B. 
  2. ↑ H.D, Aller (1987). "iiizw2.pdf". Iiizw.2.PDF 1: 1–4. http://www3.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/abrunthaler/pub/iiizw2.pdf. 
  3. ↑ Schnopper, H. W.; Delvaille, J. P.; Epstein, A.; Cash, W.; Charles, P.; Bowyer, S.; Hjellming, R. M.; Owen, F. N. et al. (1978). "X-ray and radio emission from the compact galaxy III ZW 2". The Astrophysical Journal 222: L91. doi:10.1086/182699. Bibcode: 1978ApJ...222L..91S. https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1978ApJ...222L..91S. Retrieved 2024-07-30. 
  4. ↑ Arp, Halton (1968-06-01). "A Compact Galaxy (iii ZW 2) and a Compact Radio Galaxy (3C 120) with Seyfert-Type Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal 152: 1101. doi:10.1086/149621. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1968ApJ...152.1101A. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968ApJ...152.1101A. 
  5. ↑ Schmidt, M.; Green, R. F. (June 1983). "Quasar evolution derived from the Palomar bright quasar survey and other complete quasar surveys" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 269: 352. doi:10.1086/161048. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1983ApJ...269..352S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...269..352S/abstract. 
  6. ↑ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teraesranta, H. (2000-09-28), III Zw 2: superluminal expansion and compact lobe expansion in a Seyfert galaxy 
  7. ↑ Falcke, Heino; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Lobanov, Andrew P.; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Patnaik, Alok R.; Aller, Margo F.; Aller, Hugh D.; Teräsranta, Harri et al. (1999-03-20). "A Major Radio Outburst in III Z[CLCw[/CLC] 2 with an Extremely Inverted, Millimeter-peaked Spectrum"]. The Astrophysical Journal 514 (1): L17–L20. doi:10.1086/311937. ISSN 0004-637X. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/311937. 
  8. ↑ Veilleux, S.; Kim, D.-C.; Rupke, D. S. N.; Peng, C. Y.; Tacconi, L. J.; Genzel, R.; Lutz, D.; Sturm, E. et al. (2009-07-24). "A DEEPHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEH-BAND IMAGING SURVEY OF MASSIVE GAS-RICH MERGERS. II. THE QUEST QSOs". The Astrophysical Journal 701 (1): 587–606. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/587. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...701..587V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/587. 
  9. ↑ Surace, Jason A.; Sanders, D. B.; Evans, A. S. (2001-12-01). "Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging of Infrared-Excess Palomar-Green Quasars". The Astronomical Journal 122 (6): 2791–2809. doi:10.1086/324462. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2001AJ....122.2791S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AJ....122.2791S. 
  10. ↑ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teraesranta, H. (2000-09-28), III Zw 2: superluminal expansion and compact lobe expansion in a Seyfert galaxy 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Liao, Neng-Hui; Xin, Yu-Liang; Fan, Xu-Liang; Weng, Shan-Shan; Li, Shao-Kun; Chen, Liang; Fan, Yi-Zhong (2016-10-01). "DISCOVERY OF γ-RAY EMISSION FROM THE RADIO-INTERMEDIATE QUASAR III ZW 2: VIOLENT JET ACTIVITY WITH INTRADAY γ-RAY VARIABILITY". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 226 (2): 17. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/226/2/17. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2016ApJS..226...17L. 
  12. ↑ Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.; Latimer, G. E.; Hodge, P. E. (1985-12-01). "Spectra and linear polarizations of extragalactic variable sources atcentimeter wavelengths.". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 59: 513–768. doi:10.1086/191083. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1985ApJS...59..513A. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985ApJS...59..513A. 
  13. ↑ "Multiwavelength behaviour of III Zw 2 N Salvi". https://slidetodoc.com/multiwavelength-behaviour-of-iii-zw-2-n-salvi-2/. 
  14. ↑ Shangguan, Jinyi; Ho, Luis C.; Xie, Yanxia (2018-02-20). "On the Gas Content and Efficiency of AGN Feedback in Low-redshift Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal 854 (2): 158. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa9be. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...854..158S. 
  15. ↑ Silpa, S; Kharb, P; Harrison, C M; Ho, L C; Jarvis, M E; Ishwara-Chandra, C H; Sebastian, B (2021-08-20). "Outflows in the radio-intermediate quasar III Zw 2: a polarization study with the EVLA and uGMRT". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507 (1): 991–1001. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1870. ISSN 0035-8711. 
  16. ↑ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Terasranta, H.; Krichbaum, T. P. (2002), III Zw 2: Evolution of a Radio Galaxy in a Nutshell, Bibcode: 2002evn..conf..143B 
  17. ↑ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teräsranta, H. (2005-05-01). "The extreme flare in III Zw 2: - Evolution of a radio jet in a Seyfert galaxy" (in en). Astronomy & Astrophysics 435 (2): 497–506. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042427. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2005A&A...435..497B. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/20/aa2427-04/aa2427-04.html. 



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