Biography:Henry Mann
Henry Berthold Mann (27 October 1905, Vienna – 1 February 2000, Tucson)[1] was a professor of mathematics and statistics at the Ohio State University. Mann proved the Schnirelmann-Landau conjecture in number theory, and as a result earned the 1946 Cole Prize. He and his student developed the ("Mann-Whitney") U-statistic of nonparametric statistics.[2] Mann published the first mathematical book on the design of experiments: (Mann 1949).[3]
Early life of a number theorist
Born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, to a Jewish family, Mann earned his Ph.D. degree in mathematics in 1935 from the University of Vienna under the supervision of Philipp Furtwängler.[2][4] Mann immigrated to the United States in 1938, and lived in New York, supporting himself by tutoring students.[2]
In additive number theory, Mann proved the Schnirelmann–Landau conjecture on the asymptotic density of sumsets in 1942.[5] By doing so he established Mann's theorem and earned the 1946 Cole Prize.[2][6]
Statistics
In 1942 the Carnegie Foundation awarded Mann a fellowship to learn statistics while assisting the operations research group of Harold Hotelling at Columbia University. His group also supported Abraham Wald, and Wald and Mann collaborated on several papers. In statistics, Mann is known for the ("Mann–Whitney") U-statistic and its associated hypothesis test for nonparametric statistics. Collaborating with Wald, Mann developed the Mann–Wald theorem of asymptotic statistics and econometrics.[2]
Mann wrote the first mathematical book on the design of experiments (Mann 1949), whose principles allowed later statisticians to design and to analyze customized experiments. Like contemporary "self-help" and "how to" books, the earlier books gave easy-to-follow examples but little theory beyond exhortations to follow three principles of Ronald A. Fisher—to "replicate", to "establish control" (for example with blocking), and to "randomize" (assignment of treatments to units). Earlier books provided useful examples of designed experiments along with the design's analysis of variance, but no basis for constructing new designs for new problems, according to (Johnson 1951).[3]
According to Denis Conniffe:
Ronald A. Fisher was "interested in application and in the popularization of statistical methods and his early book Statistical Methods for Research Workers, published in 1925, went through many editions and motivated and influenced the practical use of statistics in many fields of study. His Design of Experiments (1935) [promoted] statistical technique and application. In that book he emphasized examples and how to design experiments systematically from a statistical point of view. The mathematical justification of the methods described was not stressed and, indeed, proofs were often barely sketched or omitted altogether ..., a fact which led H. B. Mann to fill the gaps with a rigorous mathematical treatment in his well known treatise, (Mann 1949)."[7]
Later life
In 1946 Mann returned to Ohio State University, where he served as a professor mathematics until his retirement in 1964. Mann then became a professor at the U.S. Army's Mathematics Research Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison 1964–1971. Mann was professor at the University of Arizona from 1971 to 1975.[2] His doctoral students include George Marsaglia and William Yslas Vélez.
Publications
- {{Cite journal |last=Mann|first=Henry B.
- ↑ Henry Berthold Mann: 1905-2000, Ohio State University, Department of Mathematics, http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/history/biographies/mann/
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Olson, John (1977). "Henry B. Mann (with photograph)". in Zassenhaus, Hans. Number theory and algebra: Collected papers dedicated to Henry B. Mann, Arnold E. Ross, and Olga Taussky-Todd. New York-London: Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers]. pp. xx-xxv. ISBN 0-12-776350-3. http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/history/biographies/mann. (The web-link is to a slightly updated edition of the biography.)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Johnson, N. L. (June 1951). "Review (of Analysis and Design of Experiments by H. B. Mann)". Biometrika 38 (1–2): pp. 260–261.
- ↑ Henry Mann at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- ↑ Khinchin, A. Ya. (1998). Three Pearls of Number Theory. Mineola, NY: Dover. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-486-40026-6.
- ↑ Frank Nelson Cole Prize in Number Theory, American Mathematical Society, retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ↑ Conniffe, Denis (1990–1991). "R. A. Fisher and the development of statistics—a view in his centenary year". Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland (Dublin: Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland) XXVI (3): p. 87. ISSN 0081-4776. http://www.tara.tcd.ie/jspui/handle/2262/2764.
