Biography:Jonathan Haidt

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Jonathan Haidt
Haidt in 2012
Born
Jonathan David Haidt

October 19, 1963
New York City, U.S.
Education
Known for
Notable work
  • The Happiness Hypothesis (2006)
  • The Righteous Mind (2012)
  • The Coddling of the American Mind (2018)
  • The Anxious Generation (2024)
Awards
  • Templeton Prize in Positive Psychology (2001)
  • American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2019)
Scientific career
FieldsSocial psychology
Moral psychology
InstitutionsUniversity of Chicago
University of Virginia
New York University
ThesisMoral Judgment, Affect, and Culture: Or, Is It Wrong to Eat Your Dog? (1992)
Doctoral advisorJonathan Baron
Alan Fiske
WebsiteOfficial website

Jonathan David Haidt (/haɪt/ HYTE; born October 19, 1963) is an American social psychologist and author. He is a professor of business and society and the Thomas Cooley Chair of Ethical Leadership at the New York University Stern School of Business.[1] Haidt's main areas of study are the psychology of morality and moral emotions.[2]

Haidt's main contributions to the field of psychology come from his theory of moral foundations,[3] which attempts to explain the origins of human moral reasoning on the basis of innate "modules", resulting from biological and cultural evolution.[4] The theory was later further developed to explain varitation in moral reasoning as it relates to political ideology, positing that people arrive at different political orientations due to prioritizing different sets of morals.[5] Haidt's current research applies moral psychology to business ethics.[1]

Haidt has written multiple popular psychology books, including The Happiness Hypothesis (2006) examining the relationship between ancient philosophies and modern science,[6] The Righteous Mind (2012) on moral politics,[7] and The Coddling of the American Mind (2018) on rising political polarization, mental health, and college culture. In 2024, he published The Anxious Generation, arguing that the rise of smartphones and overprotective parenting has led to a "rewiring" of childhood and increased mental illness.

Biography

Early life and education

Haidt was born to a secular Jewish family and was raised in Scarsdale, New York. His grandparents were Russian and Polish natives who immigrated as teenagers to the U.S., where they became garment workers.[8] Haidt described his upbringing as "very assimilated", identifying as an atheist by age 15.[9] His father, an Ashkenazi Jew,[10] was a corporate lawyer. His family were generally New Deal liberals.[11]

In 2024, Haidt recalled that, at age 17, he experienced an existential crisis upon reading Waiting for Godot and other existential literature.[10] After attending Scarsdale High School, he graduated magna cum laude from Yale University with a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy in 1985, then briefly held a job as a computer programmer before pursuing graduate studies in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania,[12] where he received a Master of Arts and Ph.D. in the field in 1988 and 1992, respectively, on a graduate fellowship awarded by the National Science Foundation.[13] His dissertation, titled "Moral judgment, affect, and culture, or, is it wrong to eat your dog?", was supervised by psychologists Jonathan Baron and Alan Fiske.[14] Inspired by anthropologist Paul Rozin, Haidt wrote his thesis on the morality of "harmless" but disgusting acts.[15]

From July 1992 to June 1994, Haidt was an NIMH postdoctoral fellow at the University of Chicago, where he studied cultural psychology under the supervision of cultural anthropologist Richard Shweder.[14] Haidt called Shweder "the teacher that most affected me".[13] At Shweder's suggestion, Haidt researched moral complexity in Bhubaneswar, India,[16] where he conducted field studies and "encountered a society in some ways patriarchal, sexist and illiberal".[11] From July 1994 to August 1995, he was a postdoctoral associate with the MacArthur Foundation under psychologist Judith Rodin.[14]

Academic career

In August 1995, Haidt became an assistant professor at the University of Virginia (UVA), where he was eventually named an associate professor in August 2001, then a full professor of the university's psychology department in August 2009.[14] He remained at Virginia until 2011, winning four awards for teaching,[lower-alpha 1] including a statewide award conferred by Governor Mark Warner.[17] Haidt also earned a reputation for challenging the general assumptions in moral psychology.[15] His research, centered on the emotional origins of morality with particular focus on the emotions of disgust and elevation, led to the publication of The Happiness Hypothesis in 2006.[18]

In 1999, Haidt became active in the new field of positive psychology, studying positive moral emotions.[19] This work led to the publication of an edited volume, Flourishing, in 2003. In 2004, Haidt began to apply moral psychology to the study of politics, doing research on the psychological foundations of ideology. This work led to the publication in 2012 of The Righteous Mind. Haidt spent the 2007–2008 academic year at Princeton University as the Visiting Professor for Distinguished Teaching.[20] In July 2010, he delivered a talk at the Edge Foundation on the new advances in moral psychology.[21]

In 2011, Haidt moved to New York University's Stern School of Business as the Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership, relocating to New York City with his wife, Jayne, and two children.[11] In 2013, he co-founded Ethical Systems, a non-profit organization which makes academic research on ethics more easily available to businesses.[22] In 2015, Haidt co-founded Heterodox Academy,[23] a non-profit organization that works to increase "viewpoint diversity" on college campuses, based on the belief that there is discrimination against conservatives at acedemic institutions.[24][25] In 2018, Haidt and Richard Reeves co-edited an illustrated edition of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty, titled All Minus One: John Stuart Mill's Ideas on Free Speech Illustrated.[1]

Research contributions

Haidt speaking at the Miller Center of Public Affairs in Charlottesville (March 19, 2012).
Haidt speaking at the Miller Center of Public Affairs in Charlottesville (March 19, 2012)

Haidt's research on morality has led to publications in four areas.

Moral disgust

Together with Paul Rozin and Clark McCauley, Haidt developed the Disgust Scale,[26] which has been widely used to measure individual differences in sensitivity to disgust.[26] Haidt, McCauley and Rozin have written on the psychology of disgust as an emotion that began as a guardian of the mouth (against pathogens), but then expanded during biological and cultural evolution to become a guardian of the body more generally, and of the social and moral order.[27]

Moral elevation

Main article: Medicine:Elevation (emotion)

With Sara Algoe, Haidt argued that exposure to stories about moral beauty (the opposite of moral disgust) cause a common set of responses, including warm, loving feelings, calmness, and a desire to become a better person.[28] Haidt called the emotion "moral elevation",[29] Feelings of moral elevation cause increases in milk produced during lactation in breastfeeding mothers,[30] suggesting the involvement of the hormone oxytocin.[31]

Social intuitionism

Haidt's principal line of research has been on the nature and mechanisms of moral judgment. In the 1990s, he developed the social intuitionist model, which posits that moral judgment is mostly based on automatic processes—moral intuitions—rather than on conscious reasoning.[32] People engage in reasoning largely to find evidence to support their initial intuitions. Haidt's main paper on the social intuitionist model, "The Emotional Dog and its Rational Tail", has been cited over 7,800 times.[33]

Moral foundations theory

Main article: Philosophy:Moral foundations theory
A simple graphic depicting survey data from the United States intended to support moral foundations theory

In 2004, Haidt began to extend the social intuitionist model to identify what he considered to be the most important categories of moral intuition.[34] The resulting moral foundations theory, co-developed with Craig Joseph and Jesse Graham, and based in part on the writings of Richard Shweder, was intended to explain cross-cultural differences in morality. The theory posited that there are at least five innate moral foundations, upon which cultures develop their various moralities, just as there are five innate taste receptors on the tongue, which cultures have used to create many different cuisines. The five values are:[35]

  1. Care/harm
  2. Fairness/cheating
  3. Loyalty/betrayal
  4. Authority/subversion
  5. Sanctity/degradation

Haidt and his collaborators asserted that the theory also works well to explain political differences. According to Haidt, liberals tend to endorse primarily the care and fairness foundations, whereas conservatives tend to endorse all foundations more equally.[35] Later, in The Righteous Mind, a sixth foundation, Liberty/oppression, was presented. More recently, Haidt and colleagues split the fairness foundation into equality (which liberals tend to endorse strongly) and proportionality (which conservatives tend to endorse strongly). In this work, they also developed the new revised Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 which has 36 items, measuring Care, Equality, Proportionality, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity.[36] He has also made the case for Ownership to be an additional foundation.[37]

"The elephant and the rider"

One widely cited metaphor throughout Haidt's books is that of the elephant and the rider. His observations of social intuitionism, the notion that intuitions come first and rationalization second, led to the metaphor described in his work.[38] The rider represents consciously controlled processes, and the elephant represents automatic processes. The metaphor corresponds to Systems 1 and 2 described in Daniel Kahneman's Thinking, Fast and Slow.[39] This metaphor is used extensively in both The Happiness Hypothesis and The Righteous Mind.

Political views

Haidt has referred to himself as a political centrist,[40][41] and expressed a desire to reduce political polarization in the United States.[42] In 2007, he founded the website CivilPolitics.org, a clearinghouse for research on political civility.[7]

In a 2011 Ted talk, Haidt argued that liberals and conservatives differ in their value systems and that disciplines like psychology have biases against conservative viewpoints.[43]

In 2019, Haidt argued that there is a "very good chance American democracy will fail, that in the next 30 years we will have a catastrophic failure of our democracy" citing political polarization and the "culture war".[44]

In 2022 Haidt resigned from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology after refusing to write an equity, inclusion, and anti-racism statement, which the Society requires presenters at its annual research conference to submit.[24]

Haidt was a speaker at an event at The Heritage Foundation in October 2025, where he encouraged parents and policy makers to continue pushing their school boards and state legislators for "bell-to-bell" cellphone bans in schools.[45]

He has suggested that the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields is due to an innate difference in interests between men and women, and that the disparity is not necessarily an indication of discrimination.[46][47] Haidt believes that "trigger warnings, affirmative action and accusations of sexist disparities weaken students through 'special treatment'".[47]

Haidt is a member of the advisory board of the University of Austin, an unaccredited, "anti-woke", conservative organization.[48]

Reception

Some of his conclusions and methodologies are controversial.[49][50][51][52][53]

Haidt was named one of the "top global thinkers" by Foreign Policy magazine in 2012, and one of the "top world thinkers" by Prospect magazine in 2013.[54][55]

Although describing himself in 2007 as an atheist,[56] Haidt argued at that time that religion contains psychological wisdom that can promote human flourishing, and that the New Atheists have themselves succumbed to moralistic dogma.[56][needs update] These contentions elicited a variety of responses in a 2007 online debate sponsored by the website Edge; PZ Myers praised the first part of Haidt's essay while disagreeing with his criticism of the New Atheists; Sam Harris criticized Haidt for his perceived obfuscation of harms caused by religion; Michael Shermer praised Haidt; and biologist David Sloan Wilson joined Haidt in criticizing the New Atheists for dismissing the notion that religion is an evolutionary adaptation.[56]

In 2026, students at New York University (NYU) objected to the school's choice of Haidt to deliver that year's commencement speech. The leadership of NYU's student government sent a letter to university officials asking them to reconsider, writing that many students "reported feelings of disappointment, disgust, unenthusiasm, defeat, and embarrassment," following the announcement, and that the school's choice of speaker did not "reflect the values and diversity of its graduates."[57] Some students believed it was hypocritical for the school to invite Haidt, who is known for his advocacy for freedom of speech and diversity of thought on college campuses, as NYU had banned live student speeches at the event, following complaints the year prior about a student speaker who criticized Israel.[57] On May 14, Haidt's speech went ahead at Yankee Stadium, where he was booed by some in the crowd.[58][59]

Selected publications

Books

  • Haidt, Jonathan (2006). The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02802-3. 
Discusses ancient philosophy in comparison to contemporary scientific research as applied to everyday life.[60]
  • Haidt, Jonathan (2013). The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-45577-2. 
Argues that moral judgments arise not from logical reason, but from gut feelings, asserting that liberals, conservatives, and libertarians have different intuitions about right and wrong because they prioritize different values.
  • Haidt, Jonathan; Lukianoff, Greg (2018). The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-7352-2489-6. OCLC 1007552624. 
An expansion of an essay Haidt and Lukianoff wrote for The Atlantic in 2015,[61] the book discusses political polarization and changing culture on college campuses and the effect on mental health of the changes.[62]
  • Haidt, Jonathan (2024). The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-593-65503-0. 
A discussion of the effect of modern technology and parenting trends on children's mental health.[63] Journalists Michael Hobbes and Peter Shamshiri have described many of its cited studies as methodologically weak, and say they do not support the claims Haidt makes in the book.[64]{{full citation needed|date=February 2025}

Articles

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Haidt received three teaching awards from the University of Virginia: the Outstanding Professor Award in 1998, the All-University Teaching Award in 2003, and a second Outstanding Professor Award that same year.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Jonathan Haidt – Thomas Cooley Professor of Ethical Leadership". New York University Stern School of Business. https://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/jonathan-haidt. 
  2. ↑ Saletan, William (March 23, 2012). "Why Won't They Listen?". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/books/review/the-righteous-mind-by-jonathan-haidt.html. 
  3. ↑ McNerney, Samuel. "Jonathan Haidt and the Moral Matrix: Breaking Out of Our Righteous Minds". https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/jonathan-haidt-the-moral-matrix-breaking-out-of-our-righteous-minds/. 
  4. ↑ "The moral matrix that influences the way people vote". November 14, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/science/head-quarters/2016/nov/14/the-moral-matrix-that-influences-the-way-people-vote. 
  5. ↑ Winerman, Lea. "Civil discourse in an uncivil world". https://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/05/cover-civil-discourse. 
  6. ↑ Ott, Jan (February 20, 2007). "Jonathan Haidt, The Happiness Hypothesis; Putting Ancient Wisdom to the Test of Modern Science". Journal of Happiness Studies 8 (2): 297. doi:10.1007/s10902-007-9049-2. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Saletan, William (2012-03-23). "The Righteous Mind, by Jonathan Haidt". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/25/books/review/the-righteous-mind-by-jonathan-haidt.html. 
  8. ↑ Tippett, Krista (June 12, 2014). "Jonathan Haidt: The Psychology of Self-Righteousness". https://onbeing.org/programs/jonathan-haidt-the-psychology-of-self-righteousness-oct2017/. 
  9. ↑ Wehner, Peter (May 24, 2020). "Jonathan Haidt Is Trying to Heal America's Divisions". https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/jonathan-haidt-pandemic-and-americas-polarization/612025/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Oldfield, Elizabeth (March 27, 2024). "Jonathan Haidt on Religion, Psychedelics and the Anxious Generation". https://www.theosthinktank.co.uk/comment/2024/03/27/jonathan-haidt-on-religion-psychedelics-and-the-anxious-generation. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Jenkins Jr., Holman W. (June 29, 2012). "Jonathan Haidt: He Knows Why We Fight". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303830204577446512522582648. 
  12. ↑ Jargon, Julie (May 10, 2024). "Technology: Jonathan Haidt Blamed Tech for Teen Anxiety. Managing the Blowback Has Become a Full-Time Job.". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/tech/personal-tech/jonathan-haidt-anxious-generation-book-smartphones-676bcadb. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Smith, Emily Esfahani (June 26, 2012). "Conservatives have broader moral sense than liberals, says 'Righteous Mind' author". The Washington Times. https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jun/26/righteous-mind-author-haidt-conservatives-have-bro/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Haidt, Jonathan (December 2014). "Jonathan Haidt: Curriculum Vitae". https://people.stern.nyu.edu/jhaidt/haidt.cv.doc. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Jacobs, Tom (June 14, 2017). "Morals Authority". https://psmag.com/social-justice/morals-authority-3775. 
  16. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (September 18, 2007). "Is 'Do Unto Others' Written Into Our Genes?". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/18/science/18mora.html. 
  17. ↑ Nelson, Kirsten (January 21, 2004). "Governor Warner Announces TIAA-CREF Virginia Outstanding Faculty Awards Recipients for 2004". http://www.schev.edu/schev/newsReleases/nr-jan2004/Gnr-012104.asp. 
  18. ↑ Welch, Gina (Spring 2009). "In Pursuit of Happiness: Psychologists explore everyone's favorite emotion" (in en). University of Virginia. https://uvamagazine.org/articles/in_pursuit_of_happiness. 
  19. ↑ "Jonathan Haidt, Ph.D. | Authentic Happiness". 2012. https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/faculty-profile/jonathan-haidt-phd. 
  20. ↑ "The Righteous Mind: Why Good People, Particularly Intellectuals, Are Divided by Politics – An America's Founding and Future Lecture". Princeton University. May 8, 2012. https://jmp.princeton.edu/events/2012/righteous-mind-why-good-people-particularly-intellectuals-are-divided-politics. 
  21. ↑ Madrigal, Alexis C. (July 29, 2010). "The Five Moral Senses". https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/07/the-five-moral-senses/60635/. 
  22. ↑ Brockman, John. "Jonathan Haidt, Biography". Edge Foundation, Inc.. https://www.edge.org/memberbio/jonathan_haidt. 
  23. ↑ Warner, John. "An Open Letter to Heterodox Academy" (in en). https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/just-visiting/open-letter-heterodox-academy. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Moniz, Carmo; Morales, Tori (October 4, 2022). "Stern professor resigns from professional org. after refusing to write diversity statement". Washington Square News. https://nyunews.com/news/2022/10/4/professor-refuses-to-write-diversity-statement/. 
  25. ↑ Tierney, John (2011-02-07). "Social Scientist Sees Bias Within" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/08/science/08tier.html. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Haidt, Jonathan; McCauley, Clark; Rozin, Paul (1994). "Individual differences in densitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors". Personality and Individual Differences 16 (5): 701–713. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90212-7. http://faculty.virginia.edu/haidtlab/articles/haidt.mccauley.1994.individual-differences-disgust-sensitivity.pub005.pdf. Retrieved July 15, 2019. 
  27. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan; Rozin, Paul; McCauley, Clark; Imada, Sumio (1997). "Body, Psyche, and Culture: The Relationship Between Disgust and Morality". Psychology & Developing Societies 9 (1): 107–131. doi:10.1177/097133369700900105. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238336116. 
  28. ↑ Algoe, Sara B. and Jonathan Haidt. 2009. "Witnessing excellence in action: The 'other-praising' emotions of elevation, gratitude, and admiration." Journal of Positive Psychology 4:105–127.
  29. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan. 2003. "Elevation and the positive psychology of morality." pp. 275–289 in Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the Life Well-lived, edited by C. L. M. Keyes and J. Haidt. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  30. ↑ Silvers, J., and Jonathan Haidt. 2008. "Moral elevation causes lactation." Emotion 8:291–295.
  31. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan (April 1, 2012). "Why we love to lose ourselves in religion". https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/01/opinion/haidt-religion-evolution/index.html. 
  32. ↑ Liao, Matthew (2011). Bias and Reasoning: Haidt's Theory of Moral Judgment. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 108–127. doi:10.1057/9780230305885_7. ISBN 978-0-230-30588-5. 
  33. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan (2001). "The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment". Psychological Review 4 (108): 814–834. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814. PMID 11699120. http://lifecognitionschool.ias-research.net/files/2010/06/haidt.2001.emotional-dog-rational-tail.pub022.pdf. 
  34. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan; Joseph, Craig (2004). "Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues". Daedalus 133 (4): 55–66. doi:10.1162/0011526042365555. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Graham, Jesse; Haidt, Jonathan; Nosek, Brian A. (2009). "Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations.". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (American Psychological Association) 96 (5): 1029–1046. doi:10.1037/a0015141. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 19379034. 
  36. ↑ Atari, Mohammad; Haidt, Jonathan; Graham, Jesse; Koleva, Sena; Stevens, Sean T.; Dehghani, Morteza (November 2023). "Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures." (in en). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 125 (5): 1157–1188. doi:10.1037/pspp0000470. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 37589704. 
  37. ↑ Atari, Mohammad; Haidt, Jonathan (October 10, 2023). "Ownership is (likely to be) a moral foundation". The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46. doi:10.1017/S0140525X2300119X. PMID 37813408. 
  38. ↑ McNerney, Samuel. "Jonathan Haidt and the Moral Matrix: Breaking Out of Our Righteous Minds". Scientific American. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/12/08/jonathan-haidt-the-moral-matrix-breaking-out-of-our-righteous-minds/. 
  39. ↑ Haidt, Jonathan (October 7, 2012). "Reasons Matter (When Intuitions Don't Object)". The New York Times. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/reasons-matter-when-intuitions-dont-object/. 
  40. ↑ Goldman, Andrew, interviewer. July 27, 2012. "A Liberal Learns to Compete". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  41. ↑ Weiss, Bari (April 1, 2017). "Jonathan Haidt on The Cultural Roots of Campus Rage". The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/jonathan-haidt-on-the-cultural-roots-of-campus-rage-1491000676. 
  42. ↑ Wehner, Peter (May 24, 2020). "Jonathan Haidt Is Trying to Heal America's Divisions". https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/jonathan-haidt-pandemic-and-americas-polarization/612025/. 
  43. ↑ Henriques, Gregg (January 1, 2012). "Jonathan Haidt's Moral-Political Psychology". https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/theory-knowledge/201201/jonathan-haidts-moral-political-psychology. 
  44. ↑ Kelly, Paul (July 22, 2019). "America's Uncivil War on Democracy". The Australian. https://www.theaustralian.com.au/inquirer/americas-uncivil-war-on-democracy/news-story/45a86ac9b438b85dce0bbbd289e1604e. .
  45. ↑ Harrison, Emily (November 24, 2025). "Many Schools Are Phone Free for Students: What’s Next?" (in en). https://ifstudies.org/blog/many-schools-are-phone-free-for-students-whats-next. 
  46. ↑ Fine, Cordelia (2011-02-11). "Let’s say good-bye to the straw-feminist" (in en-US). https://yoursay.plos.org/2011/02/lets-say-good-bye-to-the-straw-feminist/. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Honl-Stuenkel, Linnaea. "Jonathan Haidt’s lecture underscores need for social justice on college campuses". https://thewellesleynews.com/6396/opinions/jonathan-haidts-lecture-underscores-need-for-social-justice-on-college-campuses/. 
  48. ↑ Wong, Julia Carrie (2021-11-17). "‘Free speech warriors’ founded an anti-woke college. But they’re keeping their tenured day jobs" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/17/university-austin-anti-woke-college. 
  49. ↑ Montgomery, Blake (2024-04-27). "The Anxious Generation wants to save teens. But the bestseller's anti-tech logic is skewed" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/apr/27/anxious-generation-jonathan-haidt. 
  50. ↑ Levy, Steven (2024-05-10). "There's No Undoing Tech's Great Rewiring of Childhood" (in en-US). Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. https://www.wired.com/story/plaintext-theres-no-undoing-techs-great-rewiring-of-childhood/. 
  51. ↑ Masnick, Mike (2026-03-31). "Free Speech Experts: Jonathan Haidt’s Moral Panic Is As Old As Democracy Itself" (in en-US). https://www.techdirt.com/2026/03/31/free-speech-experts-jonathan-haidts-moral-panic-is-as-old-as-democracy-itself/. 
  52. ↑ "The bad science behind Jonathan Haidt's anti-social media crusade" (in en-US). 2024-04-02. https://reason.com/video/2024/04/02/the-bad-science-behind-jonathan-haidts-anti-social-media-crusade/. 
  53. ↑ Tiffany, Kaitlyn (2026-07-09). "What if It’s Not the Phones?" (in en). https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/2026/07/phones-haidt-play-gray/687846/. 
  54. ↑ "The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers". Foreign Policy. November 26, 2012. https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/11/26/the-fp-top-100-global-thinkers/. 
  55. ↑ "World Thinkers 2013". Prospect. April 24, 2013. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/world-thinkers-2013. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Haidt, Jonathan (September 21, 2007). "Moral Psychology and the Misunderstanding of Religion". Edge Foundation, Inc.. https://www.edge.org/conversation/moral-psychology-and-the-misunderstanding-of-religion. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Peters, Jeremy W.; Haag, Matthew (May 13, 2026). "N.Y.U. Students Object to Speaker Who Calls Their Generation Coddled" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/13/us/politics/nyu-graduation-speaker-free-speech-jonathan-haidt.html. 
  58. ↑ Greene, Leonard (May 16, 2026). "NYU graduation speaker strikes out at Yankee Stadium" (in en-US). https://www.nydailynews.com/2026/05/16/greene-nyu-graduation-speaker-strikes-out-yankee-stadium/. 
  59. ↑ Miharia, Aashna (May 14, 2026). "Graduates boo Haidt during commencement speech". Washington Square News. https://nyunews.com/news/2026/05/14/jonathan-haid-booed-commencement-speech/. 
  60. ↑ Flint, James (July 22, 2006). "Don't worry, be happy". https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/jul/22/shopping.philosophy1. 
  61. ↑ Lukianoff, Greg; Haidt, Jonathan (September 2015). "The Coddling of the American Mind". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/. Retrieved October 18, 2022. 
  62. ↑ Singal, Jesse (September 26, 2018). "How 'Coddled' Are American College Students, Anyway?". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind-and-the-culture-wars.html. Retrieved July 18, 2019. 
  63. ↑ Remnick, David (April 20, 2024). "Jonathan Haidt Wants You to Take Away Your Kid's Phone". The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/jonathan-haidt-wants-you-to-take-away-your-kids-phone. Retrieved August 13, 2024. 
  64. ↑ Hobbes, Michael; Shamshiri, Peter (August 8, 2024). The Anxious Generation (book review podcast, 120 min.). If Books Could Kill. Event occurs at an unspecified time. Retrieved December 17, 2024.

Additional sources

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