Biography:Joseph Hubert Priestley

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Short description: British botanist (1883–1944)


Joseph Hubert Priestley

DSO FLS
Group photograph of physics staff and senior students, University College, Bristol, 1902.jpg
Priestley at University College, Bristol, in 1902
Born
Joseph Hubert Priestlay

(1883-10-05)5 October 1883
Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England
Died31 October 1944(1944-10-31) (aged 61)
Weetwood, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
Resting placeLawnswood crematorium (ashes scattered)
Alma materUniversity College, Bristol (1903 (1903): BSc)
Awards
  • 1901 (1901): Capper Pass scholarship
  • 1903 (1903): Exhibition of 1851
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Notable students
  • Adriance Sherwood Foster
  • Jane Ingham
Pro-vice-chancellor, University of Leeds
In office
1935–1939
Preceded byPaul Barbier
Succeeded byMatthew John Stewart
In office
1941–1941
Preceded byMatthew John Stewart
Succeeded byJohn David Ivor Hughes
Military service
Allegiance United Kingdom
Branch British Army
Service years1914–1919
RankCaptain
Corps
  • 1914 (1914): BEF
  • 1915 (1915): Intelligence Corps
ConflictWorld War I
Awards
  • 1917 (1917): Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
  • 1919 (1919): Chevalier de L'Ordre de la Couronne de Belgique ()

Joseph Hubert Priestley DSO FLS (Template:Ne; 5 October 1883 – 31 October 1944) was a British lecturer in botany at University College, Bristol, and professor of botany and pro-vice-chancellor at the University of Leeds. He has been described as a gifted teacher who attracted many graduate research students to Leeds. He was the eldest child of a Tewkesbury head teacher and the elder brother of Raymond Priestley, the British geologist and Antarctic explorer. He was educated at his father's school and University College, Bristol. In 1904, he was appointed a lecturer in botany at the University College and published research on photosynthesis and the effect of electricity on plants. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society, and in 1910, he was appointed consulting botanist to the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society.

In 1911, he married Marion Ethel Young at Bristol, and in the same year, he was appointed professor of botany at the University of Leeds. He served in the British Army during World War I, receiving a commission as a captain. In August 1914, he was sent to France with the British Expeditionary Force, and for the remainder of the war, he was seconded to the Intelligence Corps. He was twice mentioned in dispatches, and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1917 and the Chevalier de L'Ordre de la Couronne de Belgique in 1919. On his return to Leeds, he embarked on a programme of research that encompassed the structure and development of the growing points of plants, the effect of light on growth, cork formation, and plant propagation.

In 1922, he was appointed dean of the faculty of science, and in 1925, he was elected president of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. In the following year, he taught a postgraduate course at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an active member of the British Association, the British Bryological Society, and the Forestry Commission. In 1935, he was elected pro-vice-chancellor, serving in that role until 1939. He was the first warden to the male students at Leeds and organised many social activities, including a staff dancing class and "botanical parties". He was a passionate cricket player and captained the staff team at Leeds. He died after a long illness at his home in Weetwood, Leeds.

Early life

Monochrome photograph of Joseph Hubert Priestley's mother, Henrietta, and four sisters, Edith, Doris, Joyce, and Olive. His mother is seated and his sisters are shown standing
Priestley's mother and four sisters (from left to right), Edith, Doris, Joyce, and Olive, circa 1910[1]

Priestley was born on (1883-10-05)5 October 1883 at Abbey House school, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire,[2][3] and baptised at the Methodist chapel in Tewkesbury on 6 November 1883.[4][lower-alpha 1] He was the eldest child of eight children of Joseph Edward Priestlay, then head teacher of the school, and Henrietta, née Rice.[6]:7 His mother was the second surviving daughter of Richard Rice of Tewkesbury. They had met at the Methodist chapel, and had married on 22 December 1881 at Tettenhall parish church, now in the city of Wolverhampton.[7] The Priestley family name was spelt originally as "Priestlay". However, in the early 1900s, the name changes to "Priestley" and both spellings appear on family graves in Tewkesbury Cemetery.[6]:10

In 1875, Priestley's father graduated from the University of London with a second class Bachelor of Arts degree in animal physiology.[8] He was appointed head teacher of Abbey House school following the death of his father, Joseph Priestley,[6]:7 on 13 November 1876,[9] and remained as head until his retirement in 1917. He moved to Bristol and joined the staff of Grace, Darbyshire, and Todd,[10] a local firm of accountants.[11] He died on 9 December 1921, aged 67, at a nursing home in Clifton, and was interred in Canford Cemetery, Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol.[10] Henrietta died on 24 September 1929, aged 76, at Bishopston, Bristol.[12]

Priestley's brothers, Stanley and Donald, died on active service during World War I. Stanley left Tewkesbury in 1912 to follow Priestley to the University of Leeds where he became a member of the Officers' Training Corps.[13] Donald was a commercial traveller working for their mother's family firm, William Rice and Company, corn millers and seed merchants at Tewkesbury.[14] His brother, Raymond, was a geologist in Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic from 1910 to 1913.[10]

Priestley's sisters were Edith, Doris, Joyce, and Olive.[15] Edith married Charles Seymour "Silas" Wright and Doris married Thomas Griffith "Grif" Taylor, both of whom were members of Scott's expedition.[6]:10 Doris first met Taylor in July 1913, and at that time, was acting as Priestley's secretary.[16] Joyce married Herbert William Merrell, who served with the Gloucester Regiment in World War I,[17] and in later life, was an accountant on the staff of the University of Leeds.[18]

The family were Methodists, and on Sundays, Priestley was required to attend two religious services and Sunday school.[6]:8 They were also passionate cricket players. Stanley was regarded as a good bowler and Donald played for Gloucestershire from 1909 to 1910.[6]:9–10 Priestley himself would later play for the University College, Bristol,[19] and captain the staff team at the University of Leeds.[6]:10

Education

Priestley, along with his brothers, was educated at his father's school in Tewkesbury.[6]:8[lower-alpha 2] He passed his Cambridge Local Examination in December 1897 with unremarkable third class honours.[21] In July 1898, he passed an elementary examination in Pitman shorthand,[22] before taking a physical geography course at the Science Hall on Oldbury Road, Tewkesbury.[23] He passed this course with first class honours in June 1899.[24] In February 1900, he gained a first class pass in the University of London matriculation examination.[25] In July 1901, the University College, Bristol, awarded him a Capper Pass metallurgical scholarship of twenty-five pounds (equivalent to two thousand and ninety pounds in 2019).[26]

Though primarily a botany student, Priestley took courses in chemistry and physics at Bristol,[27] and in August 1901, he gained a first class pass in the University of London intermediate science examination.[28][lower-alpha 3] In November 1902, the college awarded him a John Stewart Scholarship,[29][lower-alpha 4] and in the following month, he was elected to the committee of the college's chemical society.[31] In November 1903, Priestley passed his final BSc examination with first class honours in botany.[32] In the same month, he was awarded a probationary bursary worth seventy pounds, by the Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851,[33] to study the cell biology of rust fungi.[34]

Career

See § Selected publications for details of Priestley's academic papers
Monochrome photograph of the physics staff and senior students of University College, Bristol, photographed outside the main building of the university.
Physics staff and senior students at University College, Bristol, in 1902. Priestley is seated in the front row on the left.

In November 1904, Priestley was made an associate of the college.[35] In January 1905, he was appointed temporary lecturer in botany, in succession to George Brebner,[36] who had died on 23 December 1904.[37] This appointment was made permanent by the college council on 19 July 1905 at an annual salary of £120 (equivalent to £13,000 in 2019).[5]:521[38] He and Raymond, who was then studying geography at the college, lodged together for two years on the top floor of a Bristol boarding house. They lived on fifty shillings a week and lunch would often consist of a bun and a glass of milk.[5]:522

Priestley's early research examined the process and products of photosynthesis.[39] In 1906, he published a paper with Francis Usher, later a reader in colloid chemistry at the University of Leeds,[40] that postulated that chlorophyll in vitro is reduced to formaldehyde in the presence of carbon dioxide and light.[41]:53 Vernon Herbert Blackman, professor of botany at the University of Leeds whom Priestley would succeed in 1911,[41]:51 considered the evidence unsatisfactory.[41]:53 Charles Horne Warner, working in Blackman's laboratory, found that the formation of formaldehyde was independent of the presence of carbon dioxide, and in fact, formaldehyde was formed as a by-product of the oxidation of chlorophyll.[41]:54

In 1908, the college received a grant of fifty pounds from the Board of Agriculture to enable the biology department to conduct research on the effect of electricity on plants.[42] In an initial experiment, Priestley ran electrical wires above plants in greenhouses at Bitton, South Gloucestershire, to demonstrate that electricity could stimulate the growth of the plants.[43] At the time, it was thought that an electric current could increase plant respiration, transpiration, and starch formation.[44] He noted that young wheat leaves from electrified plots were, "in the opinion of many observers, darker green than the control plants."[45]:180 He suggested that the darker green could result from a continuous amount of nitrates being added to the soil, in a similar manner to the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen by lightning. In one soil test, he found three times the amount of nitrogen in the soil than in the control plots.[45]:181 However, it is now generally accepted that there are no beneficial effects from exposing plants to electric fields.[45]:178

Colour photograph of Botany House consisting of a terrace of three houses. The houses are constructed of red brick with stone details and a slate roof. The whole house has three storeys and nine first-floor windows, with doorways below windows three and nine.
Botany House at the University of Leeds where Priestley was professor of botany

In 1906, Priestley was elected as honorary secretary to the Bristol Naturalists' Society.[46] He was also president of the college's botanical club and was a local secretary for the Cotteswold Naturalists' field club.[47][48]:4 He joined the Bristol Fabian Society and was president of the Montpelier adult school.[47] In January 1908, he was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society.[49] In 1910, he was appointed consulting botanist to the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society,[50] after William Carruthers had resigned in the previous year.[51] In 1911, Priestley was appointed professor of botany at the University of Leeds,[52] succeeding Blackman, who had left to join the Institute of Vegetable Physiology at Imperial College London.[41]:51 Otto Vernon Darbishire was appointed to replace Priestley as lecturer in botany at the University of Bristol.[53] In 1914, Priestley was appointed an examiner in the Natural Sciences Tripos at Cambridge.[54]

Priestley's university work was interrupted by World War I. He had been in command of the University Officers' Training Corps at both Bristol and Leeds, and on 9 August 1914, he was sent to France with the British Expeditionary Force.[55] In his absence, Walter Garstang, then professor of zoology at the University of Leeds, assumed responsibility for the botany department.[56] For the remainder of the war, he served in the Intelligence Brigade of the general staff until January 1919.[55] He was twice mentioned in dispatches, and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in the King's 1917 Birthday Honours, and in 1919, the Chevalier de L'Ordre de la Couronne de Belgique ().[52][lower-alpha 5]

On his return to Leeds, Priestley embarked on a programme of research that encompassed the structure and development of the growing points of plants, the effect of light on growth, cork formation, and plant propagation.[52] He had been influenced by the work of Albert Frey-Wyssling on cell walls and William Henry Lang's research on plant morphology and anatomy.[58][52] In 1924, he was elected president of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union and was a member of the British Bryological Society.[59][60] In December 1926, he travelled to California to teach a postgraduate course at the University of California, Berkeley. Otis Freeman Curtis came to Leeds from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, to cover his four-month absence.[61]

Colour photograph of the two-storey building, clad in painted white metal panels, with a projecting entrance portico consisting of blue double doors. The Dominion of Canada coat of arms is seen above the door.
Dominion Astrophysical Observatory at Saanich, British Columbia, that Priestley visited in 1924 as a member of the British Association

Priestley was a member of the British Association and was president of the botany section in 1932.[52] He attended many of the association's annual meetings, including the 1924 meeting in Toronto, Ontario, where he took the opportunity to visit the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory at Saanich, British Columbia.[62] In 1929, he and Lorna Scott, co-author of Priestley's textbook An Introduction to Botany,[63] attended the association's meeting in South Africa ,[64] based at the universities of Cape Town and Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.[65] Along with five hundred other scientists, they boarded the Union‑Castle steamship Llandovery Castle, on 27 June 1929 at the Port of Tilbury. They stopped at Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean, to the west of south-western Africa,[66] where they collected a number of bryophyte specimens.[67]:5

In 1922, Priestley was appointed dean of the faculty of science,[68] and later, became the first warden to the male students at Leeds.[69] On 1 July 1935, he succeeded Paul Barbier, professor of French,[70] as pro-vice-chancellor of the university.[71] Matthew John Stewart, professor of paleontology, succeeded him in June 1939.[72] In 1941, the senate appointed Priestley as pro-vice-chancellor for a second term, after Bernard Mouat Jones, then vice-chancellor, had left the University in February to complete National Service. Mouat Jones returned to the University in October and Priestley was succeeded as pro-vice-chancellor by John David Ivor Hughes, professor of law at the university.[73]:111

Personal life

Façade of church seen from the northwest. The façade, west tower, and spire are all that remain of the church built in 1878.
Former Congregational church in Bishopston, Bristol, where Priestley was married

Priestley married Marion Ethel Young before leaving Bristol to take up his appointment as professor of botany at the University of Leeds. Marion was the younger daughter of Anthony and Sarah Young of Eastfield Road, Cotham, Bristol. The wedding took place on 12 August 1911 at the Congregational church in Bishopston, Bristol.[47][lower-alpha 6] It was a quiet ceremony, limited to close family,[47] as his paternal grandmother, Annie, had died only a few weeks before on 26 July 1911.[75] The honeymoon was spent in West Wales.[47] Marion Ethel was a keen amateur botanist,[47] and along with Priestley, was a member of the British Mycological Society.[76] She organised many social activities at the University of Leeds, including a staff dancing class and "botanical parties" to which all botany staff and students were invited.[69] She died at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, on 25 July 1965, aged 79, and the funeral service was held on 2 August 1965 at St Mary's church, Great Shelford, followed by cremation at Cambridge Crematorium.[77]

Their elder daughter, Phyllis Mary, was born at Leeds on 25 January 1920. She was educated at Lawnswood High School, Leeds, and Cheltenham Ladies' College. In 1939, she was an exhibitioner at Girton College, Cambridge, graduating with a BA degree in 1942,[78] and a MA in 1947.[79]:220 She married John Carlisle Cullen, of Belfast, on 3 January 1946 at St Chad's Church, Far Headingley, Leeds.[80] Cullen was a graduate of Queen's University Belfast and a former researcher at the National Institute of Agricultural Botany at Cambridge.[81] She died after a long illness at Clifton, Bristol, on 22 May 1999. A Requiem Mass was held at Clifton Cathedral on 2 June 1999 followed by cremation at South Bristol crematorium.[82] Michael Cullen, Phyllis Mary's son and Priestley's grandson,[83] is a former senior research fellow at the Met Office and visiting professor in mathematics at the University of Reading.[84]

Their younger daughter, Ann Elizabeth, was born at Leeds on 14 May 1923. She was educated at the same schools as her sister, and in 1942, entered Girton College as an exhibitioner to study geography.[85] From 1944 to 1945, she was president of the Cambridge University Women's Boat Club.[86] In 1945, she graduated with a BA and won the Thèrèse Montefiore Memorial Prize.[85] From 1945, she was a Tucker-Price research fellow working on water erosion and was awarded a MA by the University of Cambridge in 1949.[85]:745[79] From 1946 to 1951, she was a lecturer in geography at the University of Leeds,[85][87] and from 1956, was head of geography and divinity at Perse School for Girls, Panton Street, Cambridge.[88] By 1954, she was a member of the Institute of British Geographers,[89] and in 1966, she was secretary to the Cambridge branch of the Christian Education Movement.[90] She later joined the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Naturalists' Trust and was clerk of Great Shelford parish council.[91][92] She died at York on 27 January 1986 and was cremated at York crematorium.[93] Her ashes were interred at Lawnswood cemetery in Leeds.[94]

Death and legacy

[Priestley was] sometimes didactic, often provocative, always interesting and, as a whole, one of the most colourful persons in biology.

William Pearsall, Priestley's obituary in Nature.

At the end of December 1935, Priestley was seriously ill and underwent a major operation on 16 January 1936.[95] He died after a long illness at his home in Weetwood, Leeds, on 31 October 1944, and the funeral was held at Lawnswood crematorium in the morning on 3 November 1944.[39][96] A large number of university staff attended including Mouat Jones, Bonamy Dobrée, and Arthur Stanley Turberville. There were also representatives from the Joint Matriculation Board, the Forestry Commission, and James Digby Firth represented the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union and the Leeds Naturalists' Club.[97] Priestley's ashes were later scattered on the gardens of rest at the crematorium.[98] Lorna Scott managed the botany department for eighteen months until Irene Manton was appointed on 15 January 1946.[63]

After Priestley's death, a memorial trust fund was established to provide grants to botany students at the University of Leeds.[99] In December 1946, his brother Raymond, then vice-chancellor of the University of Birmingham, gifted money to Tewkesbury Grammar School to provide for an annual science prize, named the "Joseph Hubert Priestley Prize" in memory of his brother.[100] Priestley's collection of fossils now forms part of the herbarium at the Leeds Discovery Centre.[67]:8 A major part of the collection was formed from a bequest made to the University of Leeds by Ida Mary Roper, Priestley's friend and colleague from University College, Bristol.[101]:53

Edward Cocking, a British plant scientist, has described Priestley as "a highly unorthodox physiological botanist",[102] and Priestley was often the first to admit that some of his early work had been published prematurely.[52] Nevertheless, he was a gifted teacher who attracted many graduate research students to Leeds.[63] Lorna Scott wrote in his obituary:[69]

[Priestley] inspired many generations of students ... a remarkably gifted teacher, as one with a mind alive to inspire research ...[and] never too busy or too inaccessible to help even the most junior of his assistants or students.

Selected publications

Books and reports

Effect of electricity

Photosynthesis

Disease

Salt tolerance

Anatomy of plants

Composition of the cell wall

Light and growth

Forestry

Vegetative propagation

Cambial tissue activity

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Priestley was known as "Bert" by family and friends.[5]:200
  2. ↑ In later life, Priestley was a member of the Old Theocsbrian Society, the Abbey House school alumni association, and a regular attendee at the association's annual dinner.[20]
  3. ↑ University College, Bristol, originated as a college teaching external degrees of the University of London. See the history of the external examination system at the University of London Worldwide.
  4. ↑ The scholarship was bequeathed by John Stewart of Montpelier, Bristol, and was worth twenty pounds.[30]
  5. ↑ The announcement of the award of the Chevalier de L'Ordre de la Couronne de Belgique was not made in The London Gazette until 23 August 1921.[57]
  6. ↑ The church was founded in 1878 in memory of David Thomas, the then minister at Highbury Congregational Chapel. The church was demolished in 1984.[74]

References

  1. ↑ Raeside, Adrian (2009). "18. Home" (in en). Return to Antarctica: The amazing adventure of Sir Charles Wright on Robert Scott's journey to the South Pole. Mississauga: John Wiley & Sons Canada. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-470-15380-2. OCLC 1131579499. https://archive.org/details/returntoantarcti0000raes/page/277. Retrieved 11 February 2023. 
  2. ↑ (in en) Who's Who (96th ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishers. 1944. p. 2239. OCLC 49208358. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.151804/page/n2333. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  3. ↑ "Births" (in en). Gloucestershire Chronicle: p. 4. 13 October 1883. OCLC 17756102. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000393/18831013/033/0004. 
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Priestley, Raymond Edward (2002). Ridley, Ronald Thomas. ed (in en). The Diary of a Vice-Chancellor: University of Melbourne 1935-1938. Carlton South: Melbourne University Press. pp. 1–555. ISBN 978-0-522-84985-1. OCLC 123296153. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Bullock, Mike (2017). "1. The Priestley Family in Tewkesbury: Early Days" (in en). Priestley's Progress: The life of Sir Raymond Priestley, Antarctic explorer, scientist, soldier, academician. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-0-7864-7805-7. OCLC 967500289. https://books.google.com/books?id=c2IqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT17. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  7. ↑ "Marriages" (in en). Cheltenham Examiner: p. 8. 28 December 1881. OCLC 751718750. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002212/18811228/219/0008. 
  8. ↑ (in en) The Historical Record (1836-1912) (1st ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton for the University of London Press. 1912. p. 367. OCLC 13651361. https://archive.org/details/historicalrecord00univrich/page/366. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  9. ↑ "The Late Mr. Priestley" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 18 November 1876. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/18761118/026/0001. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Death of Mr. J. E. Priestley, B.A." (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 5. 17 December 1921. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19211217/100/0005. 
  11. ↑ Howitt, Harold (1984). Brief, Richard Paul. ed (in en). The History of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales 1870-1965. Accounting History and the Development of a Profession. Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. New York: Garland. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-8240-6329-0. OCLC 10800917. 
  12. ↑ "Deaths" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 12. 27 September 1929. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19290927/201/0012. 
  13. ↑ Waldron, Malcolm; Willavoys, David (23 July 2016). "Lieutenant Stanley Noel Priestley" (in en). Tewkesbury Historical Society. p. 1. https://tewkesburyhistory.org/docs/BiogsWW1/Priestley-S-(50)-RB-JD-31-7.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Waldron, Malcolm; Willavoys, David (30 October 2017). "Lance Corporal Donald Lacey Priestley" (in en). Tewkesbury Historical Society. p. 1. https://tewkesburyhistory.org/docs/BiogsWW1/Priestley-D-L-(122)-RB-JD31-7.pdf. 
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".
  16. ↑ Taylor, Thomas Griffith (1958). "15. London: Cambridge: Tewkesbury: South Africa (1913-1914)". in MacGregor, Alasdair Alpin (in en). Journeyman Taylor. London: Robert Hale. pp. 128–129. OCLC 1210425. 
  17. ↑ "Marriages" (in en). Cheltenham Chronicle (Gloucester): p. 2. 12 October 1918. OCLC 751668290. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000518/19181012/039/0002. 
  18. ↑ "University Staff. Administrative and General" (in en). Calendar. 1932-1933 (Leeds: Brotherton Library, University of Leeds) 26: 110. 1933. OCLC 977649860. http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/11555/1/LUA-PUB-003-3-57_000.pdf#page=127. Retrieved 6 December 2021. "Page 127 in the PDF.". 
  19. ↑ "Cricket. Bristol Grammar School v. University College" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 7. 20 May 1901. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19010520/043/0007. 
  20. ↑ "Old Theocsbrians' Dinner" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 2. 3 February 1923. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19230203/036/0002. 
  21. ↑ "Tewkesbury Schools' Successes at Cambridge Local Exams" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 5 March 1898. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/18980305/019/0001. 
  22. ↑ "Education in Tewkesbury. Local Successes in Professional and Scholastic Examinations" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 30 July 1898. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/18980730/030/0001. 
  23. ↑ "Tewkesbury Science & Arts Classes" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 17 September 1898. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/18980917/014/0001. 
  24. ↑ "First Results of the Past Season's Science Class Exams" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 24 June 1899. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/18990624/026/0001. 
  25. ↑ "London Matriculation Examination. Local Successes" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 3. 16 February 1900. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19000216/007/0003. 
  26. ↑ "University College, Bristol" (in en). Clifton Society: p. 12. 4 July 1901. OCLC 751422515. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002164/19010704/048/0012. 
  27. ↑ Scott, Lorna Iris (June 1946). Clapham, Arthur Roy; Godwin, Harry; James, William Owen. eds. "Professor Joseph Hubert Priestley, D.S.O., B.Sc., F.L.S. 1883-1944" (in en). New Phytologist (London: Cambridge University Press) 45 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1946.tb05040.x. ISSN 0028-646X. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.271822/page/n11. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  28. ↑ "University College, Bristol" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 5. 8 August 1901. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19010808/031/0005. 
  29. ↑ "Bristol, University College. Scholarships" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 6. 20 November 1902. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19021120/028/0006. 
  30. ↑ University College (1985). "John Stewart Scholarships" (in en). Calendar (Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd): 18–19. OCLC 223314369. https://archive.org/details/calendar188586brisuoft/page/n23. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  31. ↑ "Local Notes" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 5. 9 December 1902. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19021209/032/0005. 
  32. ↑ "Local News. University College, Bristol" (in en). Bristol Times and Mirror: p. 7. 5 December 1903. OCLC 2252826. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000984/19031205/148/0007. 
  33. ↑ "University College. A Pleasing Record. Public Support Wanted" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 3. 19 November 1903. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19031119/009/0003. 
  34. ↑ Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 (1911) (in en). Eighth report of the Commissioners for the exhibition of 1851 to the Right Hon. Winston Churchill, M. P.. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 84. doi:10.5479/sil.776034.39088011383577. OCLC 1144749672. 
  35. ↑ "Bristol University College. Students, Distinctions, and Appointments" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 9. 17 November 1904. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19041117/239/0009. 
  36. ↑ "University College, Bristol" (in en). The University Review. May to September 1905 (London: Sherratt & Hughes) 1 (4): 459. August 1905. ISSN 2753-0329. OCLC 27723382. https://archive.org/details/universityrevie02unkngoog/page/n517. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  37. ↑ Britten, James, ed (1905). "The Late George Brebner" (in en). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign (London: West, Newman & Co) 43: 60. OCLC 924904287. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.230929/page/n70. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  38. ↑ "University College, Bristol" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 7. 22 July 1905. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19050722/278/0007. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Sledge, William Arthur (January 1945). Grist, William Robinson; Sledge, William Arthur. eds. "In Memoriam. Professor J. H. Priestley, D.S.O.,B.Sc., F.L.S. (1883-1944)" (in en). The Naturalist (London: A. Brown and Sons) (812): 17–18. OCLC 456084301. https://archive.org/details/naturalist19431945west/page/17. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  40. ↑ Mysels, Karol Joseph (1 December 1992). "C&SC Folklore. 5. Gravitational Stability of Sols. from Perrin to Usher" (in en). Langmuir (Washington: ACS Publications) 8 (12): 3191–3194. doi:10.1021/la00048a055. ISSN 0743-7463. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 Porter, Helen Kemp (1 November 1968). "Vernon Herbert Blackman, 1872-1967" (in en). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society (London: Royal Society) 14: 37–60. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1968.0003. 
  42. ↑ "University and Educational Intelligence" (in en). Nature (London: Nature Portfolio) 77 (2008): 598. 23 April 1908. doi:10.1038/077597a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1908Natur..77..597.. https://archive.org/details/nature7719071908lock/page/598. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  43. ↑ Mee, Arthur, ed (1913) (in en). Harmsworth Popular Science. 7. London: The Educational Book Co.. pp. 4820–4821. OCLC 1167109574. 
  44. ↑ Ball, Charles Frederick, ed (May 1910). "Electricity in Relation to Plant Growth" (in en). Irish Gardening. January to December 1910 (Dublin: Irish Gardening Limited) 5 (51): 77. OCLC 731007985. https://archive.org/details/irishgardening05dubl/page/77. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Diprose, Michael Frederick; Benson, Frank Atkinson; Willis, Arthur John (27 June 1984). Cronquist, Arthur. ed. "The Effect of Externally Applied Electrostatic Fields, Microwave Radiation and Electric Currents on Plants and other Organisms, with Special Reference to Weed Control" (in en). The Botanical Review. April to June 1984 (New York: New York Botanical Garden) 50 (2): 171–223. doi:10.1007/BF02861092. ISSN 0006-8101. OCLC 4654162649. 
  46. ↑ Phillips, Frank Coles (10 April 1962). Willis, Arthur John. ed. "The First Hundred Years. A Centenary History of the Bristol Naturalists' Society, 1862-1962" (in en). Proceedings (Bristol: Bristol Naturalists' Society) 30 (Part 3a): 181–214. OCLC 1221555680. https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofbri00bris/page/n3. Retrieved 6 December 2021. "Special issue prepared for the centenary year of the society.". 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 "Wedding Priestley — Young" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 4. 19 August 1911. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19110819/094/0004. 
  48. ↑ Carles, William Richard (9 April 1907). Richardson, Linsdall. ed. "The Annual Address of the President" (in en). Proceedings (Gloucester: Cotteswold Naturalists Field Club) 16 (Part 1): 1–8. OCLC 847503337. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45593#page/366. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  49. ↑ "Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S., President, in the Chair" (in en). Proceedings of the Linnean Society. November 1907 to June 1908 (London: Linnean Society of London) 120: 7. 16 January 1908. OCLC 1755949. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35146#page/200. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  50. ↑ Plowman, Thomas Forder, ed (1910). Bath and West and Southern Counties Society. "Appendix. Objects of the Society and Privileges of Membership. Chemical, Botanical and Other Facilities" (in en). Journal of the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society. 5th (London: Edward Stanford) 4: xc. OCLC 863374318. https://archive.org/details/journalofbathwes4190bath/page/90. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  51. ↑ "Mr J. H. Priestley" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 7. 1 July 1911. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19110701/220/0007. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 Pearsall, William Harold; Scott, Lorna Iris (2 December 1944). "Obituary. Professor J. H. Priestley" (in en). Nature (London: Nature Portfolio) 154 (3918): 694–695. doi:10.1038/154694a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1944Natur.154..694P. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.26770/page/n736. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  53. ↑ Weiss, Frederick Ernest (10 November 1934). "Obituary. Prof. O. V. Darbishire" (in en). Nature (London: Nature Portfolio) 134 (3393): 726. doi:10.1038/134726a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1934Natur.134..726F. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534760/page/n220. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  54. ↑ Carey, Gordon Vero, ed (1922) (in en). The Historical Register of the University of Cambridge Supplement. 1911-1920. 1. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 126. OCLC 976701302. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Death of Distinguished Tewkesburian. Professor J. H. Priestley" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 1. 4 November 1944. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002217/19441104/011/0001. 
  56. ↑ "Leeds University Developments. Review of Plans for the Session" (in en). Leeds Mercury: p. 4. 3 October 1914. OCLC 1016307518. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000748/19141003/103/0004. 
  57. ↑ "Decorations Conferred by His Majesty the King of the Belgians" (in en). The London Gazette (London) (13736): p. 1435. 23 August 1921. OCLC 1013393168. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/13736/page/1435. 
  58. ↑ Cushing, David (December 2005). "Reginald Dawson Preston. 21 July 1908 - 3 May 2000: Elected F.R.S. 1954" (in en). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society (Lowestoft: Royal Society) 51: 347–353. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2005.0022. ISSN 0080-4606. 
  59. ↑ Sheppard, Thomas; Woodhead, Thomas William, eds (January 1925). "The Yorkshire Naturalists' Union's Sixty‑Third Annual Report for 1924" (in en). The Naturalist (London: A. Brown and Sons) (590): 22. OCLC 456084301. https://archive.org/details/naturalist1925west/page/22. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  60. ↑ Jones, Daniel Angell, ed (1926). "List of Members" (in en). Report. Part 4 (London: British Bryological Society) 1: 190. OCLC 11340835. https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/BBS-Report-Vol.1-Part-4-1926.pdf#page=6. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  61. ↑ "Professor for the US" (in en). Leeds Mercury: p. 1. 9 December 1926. OCLC 1016307518. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000748/19261209/020/0001. 
  62. ↑ "Scientists Explore Sky with Telescope" (in en). Daily Colonist (British Columbia): p. 4. 26 August 1924. OCLC 664609963. https://archive.org/details/dailycolonist0724uvic_48/page/n5. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Leadbeater, Barry Stanley Cecil (2004) (in en). Irene Manton: A Biography (1904-1988). Linnean Society of London. London: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 38–41. OCLC 1149998328. https://archive.org/details/irenemantonbiogr00lead/page/38. Retrieved 6 December 2021. "Special Issue No. 5." 
  64. ↑ Scott, Lorna Iris (2 January 1929). "Meeting of British Association. Yorkshire Scientists for South Africa. Industrial Problems" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 5. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19290102/170/0005. 
  65. ↑ "News. The South Africa Meeting of the British Association, 1929" (in en). Nature (London: Nature Portfolio) 122 (3086): 963–964. 22 December 1928. doi:10.1038/122963a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Bibcode: 1928Natur.122..963.. https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.26761/page/963. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  66. ↑ Balfour, Henry (1929). "Balfour Papers. South and East Africa. Tour as President of the Anthropology Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1929" (in en). Oxford: Pitt Rivers Museum. https://www.prm.ox.ac.uk/south-and-east-africa-1929-tour-president-anthropology-section-baas-british-association-advancement. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Edmonds, Jennifer Mary (March 1999). "The University of Leeds Natural History Collections. Part 1: The University of Leeds Herbarium (LDS)" (in en). The Biology Curator (Woking: Natural Sciences Collections Association) (14): 3–10. ISSN 1355-8331. OCLC 31922103. http://www.natsca.org/sites/default/files/publications/The%20Biology%20Curator%20Issue%2014-2.pdf. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  68. ↑ "The Officers of the University" (in en). Annual Report. 1921 to 1922 (Leeds: University of Leeds) 18: 5. 1922. OCLC 499388156. http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/12229/5257/LUA-PUB-009-3-3_000.pdf#page=337. Retrieved 6 December 2021. "Page 337 in the PDF.". 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Scott, Lorna Iris (3 November 1944). "Leeds University Tribute to Professor Priestley. An Appreciation" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 6. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19441103/156/0006. 
  70. ↑ "Changes at University. Three New Professors for Leeds. Chair of Zoology" (in en). Leeds Mercury: p. 3. 9 December 1926. OCLC 1016307518. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000748/19330622/086/0003. 
  71. ↑ Scott, Lorna Iris (20 June 1935). "Leeds Council's Thanks for £25,000 Gift" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 6. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19350620/250/0006. 
  72. ↑ "Leeds University Appointments. Other Posts" (in en). Leeds Mercury: p. 6. 22 June 1939. OCLC 1016307518. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000748/19390622/161/0006. 
  73. ↑ Emeritus (1991). "Fifty Years Past: The University in 1941" (in en). The University of Leeds Review (Leeds: University of Leeds) 34: 107–118. ISSN 0041-9737. OCLC 906145227. 
  74. ↑ Marchant, Neil (19 June 2012). "The Congregationalist Churches and Chapels of Bristol" (in en). Bristol: Phil Draper. http://www.churchcrawler.co.uk/congrchs.htm. 
  75. ↑ "Funeral of the Late Mrs. Priestley" (in en). The Tewkesbury Register, and Agricultural Gazette: p. 5. 5 August 1911. OCLC 751673339. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002217/19110805/096/0005. 
  76. ↑ Rea, Carleton; Ramsbottom, John, eds (21 July 1922). British Mycological Society. "List of Members, 1921" (in en). Transactions of the British Mycological Society. Part 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 7 (4): 310. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(22)80029-2. ISSN 0007-1536. OCLC 645084739. https://archive.org/details/transactionsofbr07brit/page/310. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  77. ↑ "Deaths" (in en). The Times (London) (56387): p. 1. 30 July 1965. Gale CS17262846. ISSN 0140-0460. 
  78. ↑ Butler, Kathleen Teresa Blake; McMorran, Helen Isabella, eds (1948) (in en). Girton College Register. 1 (1st ed.). Cambridge: Girton College. p. 559. OCLC 1442048. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 University of Cambridge (1976) (in en). The Cambridge University List of Members. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 220, 745. ISBN 978-0-521-20928-1. OCLC 43154137. 
  80. ↑ "Marriages" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 4. 5 January 1946. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19460105/107/0004. 
  81. ↑ "Obituary Mr. John Cullen" (in en). Belfast Telegraph: p. 15. 27 May 1982. ISSN 0307-5664. OCLC 14338341. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002318/19820527/221/0015. 
  82. ↑ "Personal Column. Deaths" (in en). The Times (London) (66524): p. 26. 27 May 1999. Gale IF0500947816. ISSN 0140-0460. 
  83. ↑ "Births" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 2. 16 March 1949. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19490316/037/0002. 
  84. ↑ "Prof. Mike Cullen" (in en). Exeter: Met Office. 10 January 2019. https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/people/mike-cullen. 
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 Butlin, R. A. (2015). "2. A Major Phase of Development: 1919-1945" (in en). The Origins and Development of Geography at the University of Leeds, c.1874 - 2014. Leeds: School of Geography, University of Leeds. pp. 2.1–2.2. ISBN 978-0-85316-336-7. OCLC 914353323. http://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/publications/history/chapter2.pdf. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  86. ↑ Marks, John; Kingsbury, Jane; Williams, Carol (2021). "Cambridge University Women's Boat Club 1941-2014. Year 1944-1945 Crews". in Kingsbury, Nicholas; Kingsbury, Jane (in en). London. http://cuwbchistory.org/crew-lists/crew-lists-1940s#BB1945. 
  87. ↑ Foster, John Frederick; Craig, Thomas, eds (May 1954) (in en). The Year Book of the Universities of the Commonwealth (31st ed.). London: Association of Commonwealth Universities. p. 170. OCLC 271433575. 
  88. ↑ Association of Head Mistresses (1971) (in en). The Girls' School Year Book (65th ed.). London: A & C Black. p. 125. OCLC 1280823741. 
  89. ↑ Steel, Robert Walter, ed (1954). Institute of British Geographers. "Members" (in en). Transactions and Papers (London: George Philip & Son) (20): xv. ISSN 1478-4017. 
  90. ↑ Ayerst, David, ed (November 1966). "News and notes. CEM Local Association" (in en). Learning for Living (London: Christian Education Movement) 6 (2): 39–40. doi:10.1080/00239706608557139. OCLC 1004313461. 
  91. ↑ Hepburn, Ian, ed (1973). "List of New Members From 1 December 1971 to 30 November 1972" (in en). Nature in Cambridgeshire (Cambridge: Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Naturalists' Trust (CAMBIENT)) 16: 49. ISSN 0466-6046. OCLC 1064389397. http://www.natureincambridgeshire.org.uk/volumes/nature-in-cambs-vol-18-1975.pdf#page=50. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  92. ↑ "Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely County Council" (in en). The London Gazette (London) (45110): p. 6061. 29 May 1970. OCLC 1013393168. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45110/page/6061. 
  93. ↑ "Priestley, Ann Elizabeth" (in en). Cambridge University Reporter (Cambridge University Press) 117 (Special No. 6): 56. 1986. OCLC 637598274. 
  94. ↑ Leach, Christine (28 May 2020) (in en). Lawnswood Burial Register 194-1992 (Report). 109. Leeds: Yorkshire Indexers and Burials. p. 414. 8266. https://search.yorkshireburials.uk/burials_municipal_view.php?editid1=396857. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  95. ↑ Brown, D. G. (February 1933). Webbe, Joan. ed. "News. University Societies. Men Day Students' Association" (in en). The Gryphon. New series (Leeds: Brotherton Library, University of Leeds) 1 (4): 207. OCLC 25586928. http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/22012/1/LUA-PUB-002-GRY-231_000.pdf#page=71. Retrieved 6 December 2021. "Page 71 in the PDF.". 
  96. ↑ "Deaths" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 4. 1 November 1944. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19441101/082/0004. 
  97. ↑ "Funeral. Prof. J. H. Priestley" (in en). The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer (Leeds): p. 8. 4 November 1944. ISSN 0963-1496. OCLC 18793101. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000687/19441104/236/0008. 
  98. ↑ Groves, Lynn (28 May 2020) (in en). Lawnswood Cemetery and Crematorium Cremation Register (Report). 10. Leeds: Yorkshire Indexers and Burials. p. 1. 5626. https://search.yorkshireburials.uk/burials_municipal_view.php?editid1=304951. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  99. ↑ Grist, William Robinson; Sledge, William Arthur, eds (March 1946). "Priestley Memorial Fund" (in en). The Naturalist (London: A. Brown and Sons) (816): 16. OCLC 456084301. https://archive.org/details/naturalist19461948west/page/n51. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  100. ↑ "Prize for Tewkesbury Grammar School" (in en). Cheltenham Chronicle (Gloucester): p. 6. 14 December 1946. OCLC 751668290. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000518/19461214/058/0006. 
  101. ↑ Beckett, Mary (2004). "Mary Ida Roper & Her Herbarium" (in en). NatSCA News (Woking: Natural Sciences Collections Association) (3): 52–55. 400. ISSN 1741-3974. OCLC 1050495216. http://www.natsca.org/sites/default/files/publications/NatSCA%20News%20Issue%203-19.pdf. Retrieved 6 December 2021. 
  102. ↑ Cocking, Edward Charles Daniel (17 October 1993). "Obituary: Professor F. C. Steward" (in en). The Independent (London). ProQuest 312984828. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 185201487. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-f-c-steward-1511531.html. 
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".
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  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".
  106. ↑ Cavers, Frank, ed (March 1913). "Zonation of Pelophilous Formation, Severn Estuary" (in en). Journal of Ecology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1 (1): 53–55. doi:10.2307/2255463. ISSN 0022-0477. 
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "cite archive".

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