Biography:List of secular humanists

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This is a partial list of notable secular humanists.

A

Asimov
Atiyah
Bohr
Chomsky
Dewey
Dirac
Einstein
Feynman
Gell-Mann
Glashow
Grayling
Julian Huxley
Nye
Oppenheimer
Pauling
Randi
Randolph
Rotblat
Rushdie
Russell
Sagan
Said
Sakharov
Schulz
Singer
Skinner
Szilárd
Tesla
Twain
Vidal
Walker
Zappa
Zinn

B

  • Ronnie Barker (1929–2005): British comedian.[12]
  • Ryan J. Bell (born 1971): Humanist Chaplain at the University of Southern California.
  • Jeremy Bentham: English author, jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. He became a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law, and a political radical whose ideas influenced the development of welfarism. He is best known for his advocacy of utilitarianism and animal rights, and the idea of the panopticon.
  • John Bercow: British politician.
  • Maria Berenice Dias: Progressive Brazilian judge and the first woman to take the bench in her home Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
  • Marshall Berman: American political scientist and Marxist humanist.
  • Leonard Bernstein: American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the United States of America to receive worldwide acclaim.[13]
  • Nye Bevan: Welsh MP and Labour Minister of Health who created the National Health Service in the UK.[14]
  • Niels Bohr: Denmark physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.[15]
  • Hermann Bondi: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Paul D. Boyer: United States biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on the "enzymatic mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" (ATP synthase) with John E. Walker; the remainder of the Prize in that year was awarded to Danish chemist Jens Christian Skou for his discovery of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Johannes Brahms (1833–1897): German composer and pianist.[16]
  • Jacob Bronowski: Polish-British polymath and author of The Ascent of Man.[17]
  • Lester R. Brown: American environmental analyst, founder of the Worldwatch Institute, and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute, a nonprofit research organization based in Washington, D.C. Named Humanist of the Year in 1991 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Roy W. Brown: British-born engineer, humanist and human rights activist; president of the International Humanist and Ethical Union 2003–2006 and its main representative at the United Nations .[19]
  • Mario Bunge: Argentine philosopher, philosopher of science and physicist mainly active in Canada.[20]

C

  • Mary Calderone: American physician and a public health advocate for sexual education. She served as president and co-founder of the Sex Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) from 1954 to 1982. Selected as one of the Humanists of the Year in 1974 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Helen Caldicott: Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate who founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons proliferation, war and military action in general. Named Humanist of the Year in 1982 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Anton J. Carlson: A signer of the original Humanist Manifesto,[21] and named Humanist of the Year in 1953 by the American Humanist Association.
  • Owen Chamberlain: United States physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Charlie Chaplin: Stated in his autobiography that he was a humanist and used this as his argument in his defence of J. Edgar Hoover's insistence that Chaplin was a communist.
  • Noam Chomsky: American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and activist.[22]
  • Arthur C. Clarke: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Auguste Comte: French philosopher; a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism.
  • Aaron Copland:[23] American composer
  • Andrew Copson: Chief Executive of Humanists UK and President of the International Humanist and Ethical Union.[24]
  • Brian Cox: British particle physicist, Royal Society University Research Fellow and television personality.[25]
  • Francis Crick: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism,[2] and received the Distinguished Service Award from the American Humanist Association in 1986.[26]
  • Paul J. Crutzen: Dutch Nobel Prize–winning atmospheric chemist; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]

D

E

  • Roger Ebert: American journalist, film critic, and screenwriter.[30]
  • Umberto Eco: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Sanal Edamaruku: Indian author and rationalist.
  • Sonja Eggerickx: Belgian secular Humanist, president of the International Humanist and Ethical Union 2006-2015; awarded the Distinguished Services to Humanism Award 2016 for her work in secular education and ethics.
  • Albert Einstein: Served on the advisory board of the First Humanist Society of New York[31][32]
  • Barbara Ehrenreich: American feminist, democratic socialist, and political activist; named Humanist of the Year in 1998 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Albert Ellis: American psychologist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT); named Humanist of the Year in 1971 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Brian Ellis: Australian philosopher, author of Social Humanism, 2012
  • Friedrich Engels: German-English industrialist, social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, alongside Karl Marx.
  • Greg M. Epstein: Secular humanist chaplain at Harvard University, and a published author on the subject of secular humanism.[33]

F

  • Richard Feynman: American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
  • Joseph Fletcher: American professor who founded the theory of situational ethics in the 1960s, and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. Fletcher was a leading academic involved in the topics of abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, eugenics, and cloning; named Humanist of the Year in 1974 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Tom Flynn: Senior Editor of Free Inquiry magazine.[34]
  • Joseph Fourier: French mathematician and physicist best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's Law are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect.[35]
  • Levi Fragell: Norwegian humanist, chairman and secretary of the Norwegian Humanist Association, President of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) between 1987–1990 (as one member of a troika) and, in his own right, between 1998–2003.
  • Sigmund Freud: Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis.[36]
  • Betty Friedan: American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the Women's Movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the "second wave" of American feminism in the 20th century. Named Humanist of the Year in 1975 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Jerome Isaac Friedman: United States physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics; was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Stephen Fry: British Humanist Association welcomed the author, comedian, presenter, and director Stephen Fry to its membership and as a Distinguished Supporter of Humanism.[37]
  • R. Buckminster Fuller: American systems theorist, architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist; named Humanist of the Year in 1969 by the American Humanist Association.[18]

G

H

  • Daniel Handler (born 1970): American author better known under the pen name of Lemony Snicket. Handler calls himself an atheist[41] and a secular humanist.[42]
  • Sam Harris (born 1967): American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist.
  • Hubert Harrison: West Indian-American writer, orator, educator, critic, and radical socialist political activist based in Harlem, New York. He was described by activist A. Philip Randolph as “the father of Harlem radicalism” and by the historian Joel Augustus Rogers as “the foremost Afro-American intellect of his time.” John G. Jackson of American Atheists described him as "The Black Socrates".
  • Herbert A. Hauptman: United States mathematician and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6] In 2006, the American Humanist Association presented Hauptman with the Isaac Asimov Science Award.[43]
  • Stephen Hawking: Theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge 1979-2009, and director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge.
  • Bill Hayden (born 1933): Governor-General of Australia (1989–1996).[44][45]
  • Sam Heads: British entomologist, palaeontologist and secular humanist.
  • Katharine Hepburn: Presented the Humanist Arts Award in 1985 by the American Humanist Association.[46]
  • Dudley R. Herschbach: United States chemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Bill Hicks (1961–1994): American stand-up comedian and musician.[47]
  • Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011): English American author and journalist.
  • Pervez Hoodbhoy: Pakistani nuclear physicist, essayist and defence analyst. Notable Signer of the Humanist Manifesto III.[48]
  • Julian Huxley: Self-described "scientific humanist," and presided over the founding congress of the International Humanist and Ethical Union.[49] He was named Humanist of the Year by the American Humanist Association in 1962.

J

  • Albert Jacquard: French geneticist and essayist.
  • Penn Jillette: American illusionist, comedian, musician, and best-selling author known for his work with fellow magician Teller in the team Penn & Teller, and advocacy of atheism, scientific skepticism, libertarianism and free market capitalism.

K

L

  • Corliss Lamont: Named a Humanist Fellow by the American Humanist Association in 1970.[53]
  • Stieg Larsson: Swedish leftist journalist, feminist, novelist and atheist, author of Millenium series of novels.
  • Norman Lear: Presented the Humanist Arts Award 1977 by the American Humanist Association.[54]
  • Simon Le Bon (born 1958): English rock singer/songwriter and lead singer of Duran Duran. Patron of Humanists UK.[55]
  • Dave Leduc (born 1991): Canadian professional fighter and philanthropist. Calls himself an atheist and skeptic, also doesn't believe in an afterlife.[4]
  • Geddy Lee (born 1953): Canadian progressive rock musician and lead singer/bassist of Rush.
  • Stewart Lee (born 1968): British stand-up comedian, writer and director. Supporter of Humanists UK.[56]
  • Yuan T. Lee: United States chemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed Humanist Manifesto III.[57]
  • Robert Lees: Hollywood screenwriter, blacklisted in the 1950s.[58][59]
  • John Lennon: United Kingdom singer-songwriter, producer, and peace activist
  • André Michel Lwoff: France microbiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1965 along with François Jacob and Jacques Monod.[60]
  • Lovato Lovati: Italian scholar, poet, notary, judge. His works include: Latin verse epistles, and his short commentary of Seneca's tragedies. Witt, Ronald. G. (1994). Latini, Lovato and the Revival of Antiquity. Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society. No. 112. pp. 53–61. P. 58. "Renaissance Grammar." In Renaissance Humanism: Foundations, Forms, and Legacy, edited by Albert Rabil, by W. Keith Percival, 67–85. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988).

Mann, Nicholas. The Origins Of Humanism. In Renaissance Humanism, 1-20. Jill Kraye, 11th ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

M

N

  • Jawaharlal Nehru: India's first Prime Minister.[63][64]
  • Erwin Neher: German biophysicist and Nobel Laureate in Medicine. Was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Huey P. Newton: African-American political and urban activist who, along with Bobby Seale, co-founded the Black Panther Party.
  • Kathleen Nott: British poet, novelist, critic, philosopher and editor.
  • Gary Numan: English singer, composer, and musician.
  • Bill Nye: American science educator, comedian, television host, actor, mechanical engineer, and scientist. Named Humanist of the Year in 2010 by the American Humanist Association.[18]

O

P

  • Elliot Page: Canadian actor.[66]
  • Linus Pauling: American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator; named Humanist of the Year in 1961 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Neil Peart: Canadian musician and author. He was the drummer and lyricist for the rock band Rush; has received numerous awards for his musical performances, and was known for his technical proficiency and stamina.
  • Jean-Claude Pecker: French astronomer, astrophysicist, author, member of the French Academy of Sciences, director of the Nice Observatory, president of the Association française pour l'information scientifique (AFIS), vice-president of the French UNESCO committee in 1990 and afterwards French permanent representative to UNESCO on behalf of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU), received IHEU Award for services to Humanism in 2005.
  • Steven Pinker: Humanist of the Year in 2006 by the American Humanist Association, and is a Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Charles Francis Potter: Signer of the original Humanist Manifesto.[21]
  • Karl Popper: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Sir Terry Pratchett: British novelist and satirist.[67]
  • Ilya Prigogine: Belgian physical chemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Philip Pullman: English writer. Presented the International Humanist Award by the American Humanist Association in 2008.[68]

R

  • James Randi: Canadian-American stage magician and scientific skeptic best known as a challenger of paranormal claims and pseudoscience.
  • A. Philip Randolph: Leader in the civil rights movement and the American labor movement. He organized and led the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly Negro labor union. Named Humanist of the Year in 1970 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Curtis W. Reese: Signer of the original Humanist Manifesto.[21]
  • Anne Rice: American author of gothic fiction, Christian literature, and erotica.[69]
  • Oscar Riddle: American biologist. Known for his research into the pituitary gland and for isolating the hormone prolactin. Named Humanist of the Year in 1958 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Alice May Roberts (born 19 May 1973): English biological anthropologist, biologist, television presenter and author. Since 2012 she has been Professor of the Public Engagement in Science at the University of Birmingham. Since 2019, she has been President of the charity Humanists UK.[70]
  • Richard J. Roberts: British biochemist, molecular biologist and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. Was one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Gene Roddenberry (1921–1991): American screenwriter, producer, de facto populistic philosopher, and satirist; creator of Star Trek. Roddenberry was a member of the American Humanist Association, and he has been called "one of the most influential yet unheralded humanists of the twentieth century."[71] Presented the Humanist Arts Award in 1991 by the American Humanist Association.[72]
  • Carl Rogers: American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. Towards the end of his life, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with national intergroup conflict in South Africa and Northern Ireland. Named Humanist of the Year in 1964 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Richard Rorty: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Joseph Rotblat: Polish-born, British-naturalized physicist. A signatory of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, he was secretary general of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from its founding until 1973. In conjunction with the Pugwash Conferences, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for their efforts towards nuclear disarmament.[73]
  • M. N. Roy: Indian political philosopher and activist, author of Reason, Romanticism and Revolution (1952, 1955) and other works, espoused a "New Humanism" as an alternative to individualism and Marxism.[74]
  • Arnold Ruge
  • Salman Rushdie: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism,[2] and he received the Outstanding Lifetime Achievement Award in Cultural Humanism from the American Humanist Association in 2007.[75]
  • Bertrand Russell: British philosopher, mathematician and academic. While refusing to label himself as a humanist (preferring to be called a rationalist or skeptic), he was a member and director of the British Humanist Association.[76][77][78]

S

  • Carl Sagan: Humanist of the Year by the American Humanist Association in 1981, Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Edward Said: Palestinian-American literary theorist and advocate for Palestinian rights. He was an influential cultural critic and author, known best for his book, Orientalism. One of his last books was called, Humanism and Democratic Criticism.[79]
  • Jonas Salk: American medical researcher and virologist, best known for his discovery and development of the first safe and effective polio vaccine. Named Humanist of the Year in 1976 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Andrei Sakharov: Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist; named Humanist of the Year in 1980 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Margaret Sanger: American sex educator, nurse, and birth control activist. Sanger coined the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established Planned Parenthood. Named Humanist of the Year in 1957 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Jean-Paul Sartre: French existentialist and Marxist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, biographer, activist, and critic; author of Existentialism is a Humanism.
  • John Ralston Saul: Canadian essayist and novelist who supported humanism over corporatism in Voltaire's Bastards – The Dictatorship of Reason in the West and The Unconscious Civilization.
  • F. C. S. Schiller (1864–1937): German-British philosopher, early coiner of the term "humanism."
  • Michael Schmidt-Salomon: German philosopher, author of Manifesto of Evolutionary Humanism and chairman of the Giordano Bruno Foundation.
  • Erwin Schrödinger: Austrian physicist who developed a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory, which formed the basis of wave mechanics: he formulated the non-relativistic quantum wave equation (stationary and time-dependent Schrödinger equation) and proved its equivalence to Heisenberg et al.'s matrix mechanics.[80]
  • William F. Schulz: Executive Director of Amnesty International USA, the U.S. division of Amnesty International, from March 1994 to 2006. He is an ordained Unitarian Universalist minister, and served as president of the Unitarian Universalist Association from 1985 to 1993. Named Humanist of the Year in 2000 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Charles M. Schulz: American cartoonist who created the comic strip, Peanuts. From the late 1980s, he described himself in interviews as a "Secular Humanist".[81]
  • Rod Serling: Creator and narrator of The Twilight Zone.[82]
  • Michael Shermer: American science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and Editor in Chief of its magazine Skeptic.[83]
  • John Henry Silva: Signer of the Neo-Humanist Statement of Secular Principles and Values.
  • Marc Sinden: English theatre producer and actor. Supporter of Humanists UK and the National Secular Society.[84]
  • Peter Singer: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2][85]
  • Paul Sinha: Professional quizzer and stand-up comedian, Patron of Humanists UK.[86]
  • Stellan Skarsgård: Swedish actor.
  • B.F. Skinner: American behaviorist, author, inventor, social philosopher and poet; named Humanist of the Year in 1972 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Linda Smith: Former president of British Humanist Association
  • Kate Smurthwaite: British comedian
  • Wole Soyinka: Nigerian author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature[87][88]
  • Benjamin Spock: American pediatrician, writer of the 1946 book Baby and Child Care. In addition to his pediatric work, Spock was an activist in the New Left and anti Vietnam War movements during the 1960s and early 1970s; named Humanist of the Year in 1968 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Pete Stark: former U.S. Representative from California's 13th congressional district. He is a member of the Democratic Party; named Humanist of the Year in 2008 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Gloria Steinem: American feminist and political activist; named a Humanist Pioneer in 1978 and Humanist of the Year in 2012, both by the American Humanist Association.[89]
  • Patrick Stewart: British actor. Patron of Humanists UK.
  • John Sulston: British biologist. He is a joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Sydney Brenner and H. Robert Horvitz; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Christer Sturmark: Chairman of the Swedish Humanist Organisation.
  • Thomas Szasz: Hungarian-American psychiatrist and academic. Since 1990, he has been Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, New York. He is a well-known social critic of the moral and scientific foundations of psychiatry, and of the social control aims of medicine in modern society, as well as of scientism. Named Humanist of the Year in 1973 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Leó Szilárd: Austro-Hungarian physicist and inventor; named Humanist of the Year in 1960 by the American Humanist Association.[18]

T

  • George Takei: American actor and activist; presented with the LGBT Humanist Pride Award by the American Humanist Association in 2012.[90]
  • Henry Taube: Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • E. Donnall Thomas: American physician and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine; one of 21 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[6]
  • Sandi Toksvig: British-Danish writer, broadcaster, actor and producer on British radio, stage, and television. She is also a political activist, having co-founded the Women's Equality Party in 2015.
  • Carolyn Tomei: State representative from Oregon, formerly the Mayor of Milwaukie, Oregon.[91]
  • Valentin Turchin: Soviet and American cybernetician and computer scientist. He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation. As such he can be seen as a pioneer in Artificial Intelligence and one of the visionaries at the basis of the Global brain idea. One of the signers of "A Secular Humanist Declaration".[92]
  • Ted Turner: American entrepreneur. Named Humanist of the Year in 1990 by the American Humanist Association.[93]
  • Mark Twain: American author and humorist. He is most noted for his novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.[94]
  • Neil DeGrasse Tyson: American astrophysicist and science communicator. Presented with the Isaac Asimov Science Award in 2009 by the American Humanist Association.[95]
  • Nikola Tesla: Serbian-American electrical and mechanical engineer / inventor best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system.[96][97][98][99]

U

  • Björn Ulvaeus: Member of the band ABBA[100]
  • Peter Ustinov: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Cenk Uygur: Host of the popular YouTube and radio show The Young Turks.[101] Presented with the Humanist Media Award in 2012 by the American Humanist Association.[102]

V

  • Gore Vidal: American author, playwright, essayist, screenwriter, and political activist.[103] Vidal was Honorary President of the American Humanist Association from April 2009 until his death in 2012,[104] and was presented with the organization's Humanist Arts Award in 1984.
  • Kurt Vonnegut: American author and satirist. Vonnegut was Honorary President of the American Humanist Association from 1992 until his death in 2007, and was named Humanist of the Year in 1992.[105] He was a Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Ramswaroop Verma (1923–1998): Founded the humanist organisation Arjak Sangh.

W

  • Alice Walker: American author, poet, and activist. She is best known for the critically acclaimed novel The Color Purple. Named Humanist of the Year in 1997 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • James Peter Warbasse: American surgeon and advocate for cooperatives. He founded the Cooperative League of the United States of America (which later became the National Cooperative Business Association) and was its president from 1916 to 1941. Named Humanist of the Year in 1955 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Ibn Warraq: Author of Why I am Not a Muslim, and chair of the Council for Secular Humanism's Committee for the Study of Koranic Literature.[106]
  • James D. Watson: Co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, is a Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Faye Wattleton: First African-American and youngest President ever elected to Planned Parenthood (1978–1992). Named Humanist of the Year in 1986 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Steven Weinberg: American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles. Named Humanist of the Year in 2002 by the American Humanist Association.[18]
  • Joss Whedon: Television writer and director.[107]
  • Walt Whitman: American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.
  • E. O. Wilson: Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[2]
  • Edwin H. Wilson: Signer of the original Humanist Manifesto.[21] He also co-authored Humanist Manifesto II.[51] The American Humanist Association presented Wilson with the Humanist Merit in 1955, named him and Humanist Fellow in 1969 and a Humanist Pioneer in 1973, and Humanist of the Year in 1979.[108]
  • Sherwin T. Wine: Rabbi and founder of Society for Humanistic Judaism. Named Humanist of the Year in 2003 by the American Humanist Association.
  • Steve Wozniak: American inventor. Received the Isaac Asimov Science Award in 2011 from the American Humanist Association.[109]

Y

  • Thom Yorke: English musician and singer-songwriter who is the lead vocalist and principal songwriter of the rock band Radiohead.

Z

  • Frank Zappa: American composer, singer-songwriter, electric guitarist, record producer and film director. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa wrote rock, jazz, orchestral and musique concrète works.[94]
  • Howard Zinn: American historian, academic, author, playwright, and social activist.[110]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Clark Adams: 1969–2007 , American Humanist Association News Flash, May 24, 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2008.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 The International Academy of Humanism at the website of the Council for Secular Humanism. Retrieved 18 October 2007. Some of this information is also at the International Humanist and Ethical Union website
  3. ↑ A Tribute to Steve Allen , by Paul Kurtz, Skeptical Inquirer magazine, January/February 2001. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
  4. ↑ "1.2 A". http://americanhumanist.org/What_We_Do/Education_Center/HELP/1_Secular_Humanism/1.2_A. 
  5. ↑ Ralph A. Alpher. "Cosmology and Humanism". Humanism Today. p. 15. http://www.humanismtoday.org/vol3/alpher.pdf. "This leads inevitably to my identifying philosophically as an agnostic and a humanist, and explains my temerity in sharing my views with you." 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 "Humanism and Its Aspirations - Notable Signers". American Humanist Association. http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers. 
  7. ↑ "African Americans For Humanism (AAH) Advisory Board". Council for Secular Humanism. http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?page=advisors&section=aah. "James Andrews (Professor of Mathematics, Florida State University)" 
  8. ↑ Peace, Print and Protestantism, p.131, C.S.L. Davies, London: Hart-Davies, MacGibbon, 1976
  9. ↑ Asimov, Isaac (1994). I. Asimov: A Memoir. New York: Doubleday. p. 500. ISBN 0-385-41701-2. https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0/page/500. 
  10. ↑ Asimov, Isaac (1986-02-21). "Humanist: Making Bigger Circles" (Video). American Humanist Association. AME Inc.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4bQKmsx-No&list=PL83B76C7586F93249. 
  11. ↑ "Distinguished mathematician and supporter of Humanism."Professor Sir Michael Atiyah OM FRS
  12. ↑ had a "humanist funeral service." A quiet goodbye for TV's Ronnie Barker, Telegraph.co.uk, 14 October 2005. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
  13. ↑ Warren Allen Smith (2005). Gossip From Across The Pond. chelCpress. p. 28. ISBN 9781583969168. "Leonard Bernstein (who once accepted an American Humanist Association award)" 
  14. ↑ Beckett, Claire; Beckett, Francis (2004). Bevan. p. 129. 
  15. ↑ "Construction in the Third and Fourth Dimension". Princeton University. http://www.princeton.edu/Mapfiles/sculpture/dimensn.html. "The Putnam Collection Pevsner, with its handsome black granite pedestal designed by the sculptor, serves additionally as a memorial to the Danish scientist and humanist Niels Bohr (1885–1962), who had longstanding personal and professional ties with colleagues in the Department of Physics at Princeton. A quotation from Bohr's 1950 letter to the United Nations, enunciating the policy of Open World, flanks the paving stones at the base of the sculpture." 
  16. ↑ Jan Swafford (2012). Johannes Brahms: A Biography. Random House Digital, Inc.. p. 327. ISBN 9780307809896. "He continued, in high theological mode. Brahms was not about to put up with that sort of thing. He was a humanist and an agnostic. and his requiem was going to express that, Reinthaler or no." 
  17. ↑ "Jacob Bronowski was a humanist, polymath and all round Renaissance man." [1]
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 Humanist Of The Year
  19. ↑ "Ladies and Gentlemen, distinguished guests, free-thinkers, fellow Humanists." – First line of Brown's opening speech at the World Humanist Congress 2005.
  20. ↑ "Laureates of the International Academy of Humanism". https://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php/3258. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 Chapter 13: Publication of "A Humanist Manifesto", from The Genesis of a Humanist Manifesto, by Edwin H. Wilson, Humanist Press, a division of the American Humanist Association, 1995. Retrieved 19 October 2007 from The Secular Web.
  22. ↑ The Humanist Interview: Noam Chomsky
  23. ↑ To all appearances, and by all accounts, he was what many might call a secular humanist." Professor Leon Botstein writes: "He emerged as an adult without an ongoing connection to religion."
  24. ↑ "Senior Staff". BHA. https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/staff/. 
  25. ↑ "BHA welcomes its newest Distinguished Supporter, Professor Brian Cox, as he talks "Big Science" at BHA's annual Voltaire Lecture". Humanism.org.uk. http://www.humanism.org.uk/news/view/527. 
  26. ↑ "Humanist profile: Francis Crick 1986 Humanist distinguished service awardee. - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Humanist+profile:+Francis+Crick+1986+Humanist+distinguished+service...-a0121765409. 
  27. ↑ "Humanist profile: John Dewey (1859-1952). - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Humanist+profile:+John+Dewey+(1859-1952).-a0207350169. 
  28. ↑ "Humanist profile: John H. Dietrich 1878-1957 1976 Humanist Pioneer (Posthumous).(Biography): An article from: The Humanist: Amazon.com: Books". https://www.amazon.com/Humanist-profile-1878-1957-posthumous-Biography/dp/B000FTC4W8. 
  29. ↑ Obama Family Tree | Stanley Ann Dunham | 'Most generous spirit'
  30. ↑ Roger Ebert (April 17, 2009). "How I believe in God". Chicago Sun-Times. http://blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2009/04/how_i_believe_in_g.html. 
  31. ↑ Stringer-Hye, Richard (1999), "Charles Francis Potter", Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography, Unitarian Universalist Historical Society, http://www.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/charlesfrancispotter.html, retrieved 2006-05-14 
  32. ↑ Wilson, Edwin H. (1995), "Chapter 2: The Background of Religious Humanism", Genesis of a Humanist Manifesto, The Secular Web Library, http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/edwin_wilson/manifesto/ch2.html, retrieved 2006-05-14 
  33. ↑ About Greg Epstein at Harvard
  34. ↑ Flynn, Tom (June–July 2008). "Secularization Renewed?". Free Inquiry 29 (4): 14–15. 
  35. ↑ "Fourier, Joseph". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Encyclopedia: The Ultimate Desk Reference. Merriam-Webster. 2000. p. 599. ISBN 9780877790174. "As a scientist and a humanist, he epitomized the spirit of French intellectualism of the revolutionary era." 
  36. ↑ "Does goodness require God? Do we need eternity for meaningful lives? Should we believe in God without evidence? Peter Cave’s new book, Humanism, is a welcome guide, with very human answers, to these questions and many more. With historical adherents as various as Mark Twain, Einstein, Freud, Philip Pullman, and Frank Zappa, humanism’s central quest is to live with meaning with no need for the supernatural."Peter Cave - Humanism
  37. ↑ "Stephen Fry: 'it is essential to nail one's colours to the mast as a humanist.'". British Humanist Association News. February 4, 2010. http://www.humanism.org.uk/news/view/447. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Humanism and Its Aspirations - Nobel Laureates". American Humanist Association. http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers. 
  39. ↑ A.C. Grayling's professional website, "Academic Interests" [2]
  40. ↑ "Print News: Greg Graffin to be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Atheism, Punk Rock, and Science". http://www.epitaph.com/news/print/3076. 
  41. ↑ "Handler says he's 'pretty much' an atheist..." Autumn of a book-lover’s contentment , Marvin Olasky, World Magazine, October 07, 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  42. ↑ "Mr. Handler... describes himself as a 'secular humanist.'", Lemony Snicket reaches 'The End', By Todd Leopold, CNN.com, October 5, 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2008.
  43. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.hwi.buffalo.edu/newsroom/Press_Archives/2006/May/5_8_06.pdf. 
  44. ↑ In 1996 Hayden was recognized as the Australian Humanist of the Year with the statement that "The award is made because he has shown that an avowed atheist who describes himself as a secular humanist can occupy the position of Governor-General with mounting approval." Australian Humanist, No. 41 February 1996
  45. ↑ "Being an atheist – as I am – is not a necessary pre-condition for being a humanist." in his acceptance speech for "Australian Humanist of the Year", reported in Australian Humanist, No 42, May 1996
  46. ↑ List of awards and nominations received by Katharine Hepburn
  47. ↑ "- YouTube". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu_rSlX1Feg. 
  48. ↑ "Humanism and Its Aspirations – Notable Signers". American Humanist Association. http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers. 
  49. ↑ 1850–1952: The road to the founding congress, excerpted from International Humanist and Ethical Union 1952–2002: Past, present and future, Bert Gasenbeek and Babu Gogineni (eds.), De Tijdstroom uitgeverij, 2002, retrieved 19 October 2007 from the website of the International Humanist and Ethical Union.
  50. ↑ Atheist, Friendly. "'A Modern Inquisition' by Dr. Jack Kevorkian" (in en). https://friendlyatheist.patheos.com/2011/06/03/a-modern-inquisition-by-dr-jack-kevorkian/. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Humanist Manifesto II , by Paul Kurtz and Edwin H. Wilson, The Humanist magazine, September/October 1973, American Humanist Association. Retrieved from the website of the American Humanist Association 19 October 2007.
  52. ↑ Silverman, Herb (October 23, 2012). "Remembering Paul Kurtz". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/guest-voices/post/remembering-paul-kurtz/2012/10/23/4d4dbdb0-1d19-11e2-9cd5-b55c38388962_blog.html. 
  53. ↑ NY, Frank, Independent Consultant, New York. "'The Affirmative Ethics of Humanism' by Corliss Lamont" (in en-US). https://www.corliss-lamont.org/ethics.htm. 
  54. ↑ "King Lear - post-journal.com | News, Sports, Jobs, Community Information - Jamestown | Post-Journal". http://www.post-journal.com/page/content.detail/id/606043.html. 
  55. ↑ "Simon Le Bon >> Humanists UK". Humanism.org.uk. https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/patrons/simon-le-bon/. 
  56. ↑ "Stewart Lee". Humanism.org.uk. http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Stewart-Lee. 
  57. ↑ Manifesto III Signers
  58. ↑ Reelz TV series Demons in the City of Angels, episode aired 3:00 PM Eastern Time on October 11, 2017, "Slaughter on the Studio Steps."
  59. ↑ Karin Badt, "In Memorium to My Cousin Bobby Lees"
  60. ↑ Michel Morange (2005). "What history tells us III. André Lwoff: From protozoology to molecular definition of viruses". p. 593. http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/dec2005/591.pdf. "His culture was not limited to biology: André Lwoff was a humanist (Lwoff 1981)." 
  61. ↑ "Paul MacCready, the inventor, defines it thus: "A secular humanist does not believe in God, and doesn't steal."" Paul Kurtz, Is Secular Humanism a Religion?.
  62. ↑ "British Humanist Association website". Humanism.org.uk. http://www.humanism.org.uk/about/people/distinguished-supporters/Jonathan-Meades. 
  63. ↑ "Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru (1889-1964)" (in en). https://humanism.org.uk/humanism/the-humanist-tradition/20th-century-humanism/nehru/. 
  64. ↑ "Pandit Nehru – The Humanist" (in en-US). 2009-11-19. https://www.theindiapost.com/articles/pandit-nehru-%e2%80%93-the-humanist/. 
  65. ↑ "J. Robert Oppenheimer, Atom Bomb Pioneer, Dies". The New York Times. February 19, 1967. https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0422.html. "A brilliant nuclear physicist, with a comprehensive grasp of his field, Dr. Oppenheimer was also a cultivated scholar, a humanist, a linguist of eight tongues and a brooding searcher for ultimate spiritual values." 
  66. ↑ Ellen Page. "Girl Power". http://www.americanwaymag.com/leonardo-dicaprio-christopher-nolan-nova-scotia-whip. "To me, the idea is, ‘Why wouldn’t I be a feminist?’ Why wouldn’t everybody be a feminist, humanist, environmentalist? It’s so funny that environmentalism has such a stigma to it or that organic food is considered a fad. Actually, no, it’s the way we have been eating for 99.99 percent of the time human beings have been on Earth." 
  67. ↑ Profile: Terry Pratchett "I'm a humanist, which means I'm an atheist, the trouble with being an atheist is that it lets God off the hook." BBC News. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
  68. ↑ "Philip Pullman (1964-present) International Humanist 2008. - Free Online Library". https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Philip+Pullman+(1964-present)+International+Humanist+2008.-a0173748622. 
  69. ↑ "Anne Rice" (in en). https://www.facebook.com/annericefanpage/posts/10151623323420452. 
  70. ↑ Humanists UK
  71. ↑ Interview of Gene Roddenberry: Writer, Producer, Philosopher, Humanist, by David Alexander, The Humanist magazine, March/April 1991. Archived version accessed 19 October 2007.
  72. ↑ "Intereview with Gene Roddenberry". http://www.stjohns-chs.org/english/star_trek/humanistinterview/humanist.html. 
  73. ↑ "Sir Joseph Rotblat (1908-2005)" (in en). https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/recent-humanist-obituaries/joseph-rotblat/. 
  74. ↑ Ramendra Nath, Manbendra Nath Roy (1887–1954)," Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, www.iep.utm.edu/
  75. ↑ Hour, The Humanist (2007-05-02). "HNN #18: Salman Rushdie & Cultural Humanism" (in en). https://www.patheos.com/blogs/thehumanisthour/2007/05/hnn-18-salman-rushdie-cultural-humanism/. 
  76. ↑ Rosalind Carey, John Ongley (2009). Historical Dictionary of Bertrand Russell's Philosophy. Scarecrow Press. p. 94. ISBN 9780810862920. https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00care. 
  77. ↑ Stephen Law (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780191614002. "Many prominent 20th-century thinkers were humanists, including Bertrand Russell,..." 
  78. ↑ "There lies before us, if we choose, continual progress in happiness, knowledge and wisdom. Shall we instead choose death because we cannot forget our quarrels? Remember your humanity, and forget the rest. If you can do so, the way lies open to a new paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death." [3]
  79. ↑ "Said takes on the responsibility for re-launching the figure of the intellectual humanist, by identifying the scope, the purpose and the role that the latter should have in the current day and age. According to Said, two key beliefs form the essence of humanism: firstly, the historical world is made by men and women and not by God and secondly, it can be rationally understood according to the principles formulated by Vico. The humanist is called upon to use philology as a rigorous instrument with which he contributes to the only form of knowledge available, namely, knowledge which is knowing how something is made."Edward W. Said, Humanism and democratic criticism, Il Saggiatore, Milan, 2007
  80. ↑ J. Götschl (1992). Erwin Schrödinger's World View: The Dynamics of Knowledge and Reality. Springer. ISBN 9780792316947. 
  81. ↑ "Though his philosophical views evolved over the years – 'The term that best describes me now is "secular humanist,"' he explained – his characters continued to quote biblical passages, occasionally musing about the darker inconsistencies of religion. These thoughtful reflections were never heavy-handed; rather, Schulz had become the reigning master of the lighter-than-air, spiritually resonant comic-strip koan." David Templeton from the December 30, 1999 –January 5, 2000 issue of the Sonoma County Independent. Metroactive – My Lunch with Sparky, Metro Publishing Inc.
  82. ↑ "Theologically speaking, Rod was what we call a naturalistic humanist..." Reverend Ernest Pipes, speaking of Rod Serling, who was a member of the Unitarian Universalist Community Church of Santa Monica, California. Looking back: 'Twilight Zone' writer challenged prejudice, by Kimberly French, UU World magazine, Vol. XXI, Nol 4, Winter 2007.
  83. ↑ "Humanist Manifesto III Public Signers". American Humanist Association. 2008. http://www.americanhumanist.org/Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers. 
  84. ↑ Debrett's People of Today (2009)
  85. ↑ Stephen Law (2011). Humanism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780191614002. "Today's most prominent and influential ethicist, Peter Singer, is a humanist." 
  86. ↑ "Patrons". https://humanism.org.uk/about/people/patrons. 
  87. ↑ "Wole Soyinka's International Humanist Award acceptance speech – full text". International Humanist and Ethical Union. 12 August 2014. http://iheu.org/wole-soyinkas-international-humanist-award-acceptance-speech-full-text/. 
  88. ↑ "Wole Soyinka wins International Humanist Award". British Humanist Association. 10 August 2014. https://humanism.org.uk/2014/08/10/wole-soyinka-wins-international-humanist-award/. 
  89. ↑ "The Humanist Interview with Gloria Steinem" (in en-US). 2012-08-14. https://thehumanist.com/magazine/september-october-2012/features/the-humanist-interview-with-gloria-steinem. 
  90. ↑ Association, American Humanist (2012-10-09), George Takei - 2012 LGBT Humanist Pride Award, https://vimeo.com/51102093, retrieved 2020-07-02 
  91. ↑ "Kinship with the natural World." Dennis McCarthy, Oregonian, November 19, 1998.
  92. ↑ "A Secular Humanist Declaration". Council For Secular Humanism. 1980. http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?page=declaration&section=main. 
  93. ↑ "Archived copy". http://americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2012-10-from-the-aha-archives-ted-turner-1990-humanist-of-th. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Does goodness require God? Do we need eternity for meaningful lives? Should we believe in God without evidence? Peter Cave’s new book, Humanism, is a welcome guide, with very human answers, to these questions and many more. With historical adherents as various as Mark Twain, Einstein, Freud, Philip Pullman, and Frank Zappa, humanism’s central quest is to live with meaning with no need for the supernatural."Peter Cave – Humanism
  95. ↑ "The Humanist - a magazine of critical inquiry and social concern". http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/09_sept_oct/Tyson.html. 
  96. ↑ Peter Belohlavek, John W Wagner (2008). Innovation: The Lessons of Nikola Tesla. Blue Eagle Group. p. 43. ISBN 9789876510097. "This was Tesla: a scientist, philosopher, humanist, and ethical man of the world in the truest sense." 
  97. ↑ Jill Jonnes (2004). Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World. Random House Digital, Inc.. p. 154. ISBN 9780375758843. "Tesla, just thirty-one, was as much a true humanist as ever, seeking to ease the hard labor of the whole world with his spectacular induction motor and alternating current system." 
  98. ↑ Judy Wearing (2009). Edison's Concrete Piano: Flying Tanks, Six-Nippled Sheep, Walk-On-Water Shoes, and 12 Other Flops From Great Inventors. ECW Press. ISBN 9781554905515. "Tesla, the unselfish humanist he was, would roll over in his grave." 
  99. ↑ Marc J. Seifer (1996). Wizard: the life and times of Nikola Tesla: biography of a genius. Citadel Press. p. 506. ISBN 9780806519609. "Frank Jenkins, "Nikola Tesla: The Man, Engineer, Inventor, Humanist and Innovator," in Nikola Tesla: Life and Work of a Genius (Belgrade: Yugoslav Society for the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge, 1976), pp. 10–21." 
  100. ↑ "I found that Swedish Humanist Association existed and what they stood for, and as a result I became a member." Ulvaeus, in an interview by Christer Sturmark, from Humanisten, Issue No. 4, December 2005. Translation to English by Marika Granerus, posted at the website of the International Humanist and Ethical Union. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
  101. ↑ "Cenk Uygur will Name his Son Prometheus". Youtube.com. 2008-06-16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hdzMEsDypU. 
  102. ↑ "It Can't All be True | the Humanist". http://thehumanist.org/november-december-2012/it-can%E2%80%99t-all-be-true/. 
  103. ↑ "Remembering Gore Vidal: A Masterful Humanist Voice". American Humanist Association. August 2012. http://www.americanhumanist.org/news/details/2012-08-remembering-gore-vidal-a-masterful-humanist-voice. "As honorary president of the American Humanist Association since 2009, Vidal added an enthusiastic, progressive and dynamic voice to the AHA and the humanist movement." 
  104. ↑ Atheist, Friendly. "Gore Vidal Named Honorary President of American Humanist Association" (in en). https://friendlyatheist.patheos.com/2009/04/21/gore-vidal-named-honorary-president-of-american-humanist-association/. 
  105. ↑ "The Humanist - a magazine of critical inquiry and social concern". http://www.thehumanist.com/humanist/10_mar_apr/Augustyn.html. 
  106. ↑ Humanist Scholars To Examine Islam And The Koran , by Matt Cherry, Secular Humanist Bulletin, Volume 13, Number 1. Retrieved 19 October 2007.
  107. ↑ Joss Whedon on Humanism
  108. ↑ "In Memorium: Ed Wilson". http://www.humanistsofutah.org/1993/artapr93.html. 
  109. ↑ "Steve "The Woz" Wozniak: 2011 Isaac Asimov Science Award". http://americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-03-steve-the-woz-wozniak-2011-isaac-asimov-science-awar. 
  110. ↑ Humanist Voices: Howard Zinn (1922-2010)



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