Biography:Paul Winchell
Paul Winchell | |
|---|---|
 Winchell in 1951 | |
| Born | Paul Wilchinsky New York City , U.S. |
| Died | June 24, 2005 (aged 82) Los Angeles , California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Ventriloquist, comedian, actor, voice artist, humanitarian, inventor |
| Years active | 1938–1999 |
| Spouse(s) | Dorothy Movitz (divorced) Nina Russel (m. 1961; div. 1972) Jean Freeman (m. 1974) |
| Children | 3, including April Winchell |
Paul Winchell (né Wilchinsky; December 21, 1922 – June 24, 2005) was an American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, voice artist, humanitarian, and inventor whose career flourished in the 1950s and 1960s. From 1950 to 1954, he hosted The Paul Winchell Show, which also used two other titles during its prime time run on NBC: The Speidel Show, and What's My Name?. From 1965–1968, Winchell hosted the children's television series Winchell-Mahoney Time.
Winchell made guest appearances on Emmy Award-winning television series from the late 1950s to the mid 1970s, such as Perry Mason, The Dick Van Dyke Show, McMillan & Wife, The Donna Reed Show, and appearances as Homer Winch on The Beverly Hillbillies. In animation, he was the original voice of Tigger, Dick Dastardly, Gargamel, and other characters.
Winchell, who had medical training, was also an inventor, becoming the first person to build and patent a mechanical artificial heart, implantable in the chest cavity (US Patent #3097366).[1] He has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in television.
Early life
Winchell was born Paul Wilchinsky in New York City on December 21, 1922, to Solomon Wilchinsky and Clara Fuchs. His father was a tailor; his grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Russian Poland and Austria-Hungary.[2][3][4] Winchell's initial ambition was to become a doctor, but the Depression wiped out any chance of his family's ability to afford medical school tuition. At age 13, he contracted polio; while recovering, he happened upon a magazine advertisement offering a ventriloquism kit for ten cents. Back at school, he asked his art teacher, Jero Magon, if he could receive class credit for creating a ventriloquist's dummy. Mr. Magon was agreeable, and Winchell named his creation Jerry Mahoney, by way of thanks.[5] Winchell went back to reading magazines, gathering jokes from them and putting together a comedy routine, which he then took to the Major Bowes Amateur Hour in 1938, winning first prize.[6] A touring offer, playing various theaters with the Major Bowes Review, was part of the prize. Bandleader Ted Weems saw the young Winchell while on tour; he visited Winchell and made him an offer of employment. Winchell accepted and became a professional at age 14.[5][7][8]
Entertainment career
Ventriloquist work
Winchell's best-known ventriloquist dummies were Jerry Mahoney and Knucklehead Smiff. Mahoney was carved by Chicago-based figure maker Frank Marshall. Sometime later Winchell had basswood copies of Jerry's head made by a commercial duplicating service. One became the upgraded Jerry Mahoney that is seen primarily throughout Winchell's television career. The television versions of Jerry and Knucklehead also featured Winchell's innovation of actors slipping their hands into the sleeves of the dummies, giving the visual effect of gesturing with their hands while "conversing" with each other. He modified two other copies to create Knucklehead Smiff. The original Marshall Jerry Mahoney and one copy of Knucklehead Smiff are in storage at the Smithsonian Institution. The other two figures are in the collection of illusionist David Copperfield.
Winchell's first show as a ventriloquist was on radio with Jerry Mahoney in 1943. The program was short-lived, however, as he was overshadowed by Edgar Bergen. Winchell also created Ozwald, a character that resembled Humpty Dumpty. The effect was accomplished by painting eyes and a nose on his chin, then adding a "body" covering the rest of his face, and finally electronically turning the camera image upside down. In 1961, Berwin Novelties introduced a home version of the character that included an Oswald body, creative pencils to draw the eyes and nose and a "magic mirror" that automatically turned a reflection upside down.
In 1948, Winchell and Joseph Dunninger were featured on Floor Show on NBC. Recorded via kinescope and replayed on WNBQ-TV in Chicago, the 8:30-9 p.m. Central Time show on Thursdays was the station's first mid-week program.[9]
During the 1950s, Winchell hosted children's (The Paul Winchell and Jerry Mahoney Show)[10] and adult programs with his figures for NBC Television, and later for syndication. The NBC Saturday morning program, sponsored by Tootsie Roll, featured a clubhouse motif and a theme song co-written by Winchell and his longtime bandleader and on-air sidekick, Milton DeLugg. The theme song was entitled "HOORAY, HOORAH" which featured the secret password "SCOLLY WALLY DOO DOO". An ending song entitled "Friends, Friends, Friends" was sung by the children in the audience. In October 1956, Winchell moved to ABC, hosting Circus Time on Thursday evening for one season before returning to Winchell-Mahoney on Sunday afternoons.[11] On one episode, The Three Stooges appeared on the show to promote their joint feature film venture, Stop, Look, and Laugh, in late 1959. He made an appearance on Nanny and the Professor (Season 2, Episode 13) as a "mean old man" (a puppeteer who had retired into seclusion after losing his wife in an accident). In 1996, Winchell contracted with figure maker Tim Selberg to construct a more contemporary version of Jerry Mahoney, which Winch described as "Disney-esque". Winchell used the new figure version to pitch a new TV series idea to Michael Eisner. In 2009, Winchell was featured in the comedy documentary I'm No Dummy,[12][13] directed by Bryan W. Simon.
Voice acting
Winchell's career after 1968 included various voice roles for animated television series. For Hanna-Barbera, he played the character Dick Dastardly in multiple series (including Wacky Races and Dastardly and Muttley in their Flying Machines); Clyde and Softy on Wacky Races and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop; and Fleegle on The Banana Splits Adventure Hour, and Gargamel on The Smurfs.
He also provided the voice of Bubi Bear in Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! in 1971, the voice of Revs on Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch, as Moe on The Robonic Stooges (a role he previously played on The New Scooby Doo Movies), and Shake on The CB Bears. In 1973, he did the voice of Goober the Dog on the H-B show Goober and the Ghost Chasers and also guest starred as the rain-making villain on an episode of Hong Kong Phooey. For Disney, Winchell voiced Tigger in Disney's Winnie-the-Pooh featurettes, and won a Grammy Award for his performance in Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too.[4]
Beginning with the television series The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, he alternated in the role with Jim Cummings, the current voice of Pooh. Winchell's final performances as Tigger were in 1999 for Winnie the Pooh: A Valentine for You and The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction at Walt Disney World. Following his retirement, Cummings permanently took over the role of Tigger starting with Sing a Song with Pooh Bear in 1999 (though some of Winchell's vocals from previous Pooh animations were included). Other Disney roles included parts in The Aristocats as a Siamese cat named Shun Gon, and The Fox and the Hound as Boomer the woodpecker. He was also the original voice of Zummi Gummi on the TV series Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears for seasons 1–5; Jim Cummings took over for the final season in 1990.
Winchell provided the voices of Sam-I-Am and the unnamed character Sam pesters in Green Eggs and Ham from the animated television special Dr. Seuss on the Loose in 1973. He played Fleabag on The Oddball Couple, Fearless Freddy the Shark Hunter on the Pink Panther spin-off Misterjaw in 1976, as well as a number of one-shot characters in The Blue Racer series. In commercials, he voiced the character of Burger Chef for the fast food chain of the same name, the Scrubbing Bubbles for Dow Chemicals and Mr. Owl for Tootsie Roll Pops.
From 1981–89, Winchell voiced Gargamel on The Smurfs as well as on several Smurfs television movies. During the 1980s, he was called upon by Hanna-Barbera to reprise his role of Dick Dastardly on Yogi's Treasure Hunt (which was a tour-de-force featuring all of the H-B characters) and later on Wake, Rattle and Roll (which was a Wacky Races spin-off). Also on the animated movie Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose, he did the voice of the Dread Baron, who was previously voiced by John Stephenson on the Laugh-a-Lympics.
Live action work
Winchell (often with Jerry Mahoney) was a frequent guest panelist on What's My Line? in 1956. Other work included on-camera guest appearances on such series as The Polly Bergen Show, as Homer Winch on The Beverly Hillbillies, The Virginian, The Lucy Show, The Donna Reed Show, Claude Wilbur on The Dick Van Dyke Show, Dan Raven, and The Brady Bunch, as well as a 1960 movie that included a compilation of Three Stooges shorts (Stop!, Look and Laugh), and a part in the Jerry Lewis movie Which Way to the Front?.
Winchell appeared as himself in 1963 in the NBC game show Your First Impression. He appeared in the late 1960s in a sketch on Rowan and Martin's Laugh-in as a French ventriloquist named Lucky Pierre, who has the misfortune of having his elderly dummy die of a heart attack in the middle of his act. On Love, American Style, he appeared with fellow ventriloquist Shari Lewis in a sketch about two shy people in a waiting room who choose to introduce themselves to each other through their dummies.
Winchell-Mahoney Time
Winchell's most successful TV show was Winchell-Mahoney Time (1965–1968), a children's show written by his then wife, actress Nina Russel.[10] Winchell played several onscreen characters, including Knucklehead Smiff's father, Bonehead Smiff. He also played himself as friend and adult advisor to Mahoney and Smiff. He also created "Mr. Goody-good," a surreal character, by painting eyes and a nose on his chin, covering his face with a small costume, then having the camera image inverted. The resulting pinheaded character seemed to have an immensely wide mouth and a highly mobile head. Winchell created this illusion by moving his chin back and forth. The show was produced at KTTV in Los Angeles, which was owned by Metromedia.
Winchell started "negotiating with Metromedia in 1970 to syndicate the 305 color segments of the show" but nothing came of it. Finally, "Winchell offered to purchase the tapes outright for $100,000. Metromedia responded with an ultimatum...: Agree on a syndication plan or the tapes will be destroyed." When Winchell did not agree, Metromedia carried out with its threat and the tapes were erased and destroyed. Winchell sued Metromedia and in 1986 a jury awarded him "$3.8 million for the value of the tapes and $14 million in punitive damages against Metromedia."[14] Metromedia appealed the award all the way to the Supreme Court but was unsuccessful.[15][16]
Winchell's last regular on-camera TV appearances working with his puppets were Storybook Squares, a children's version of the adult celebrity game show Hollywood Squares which was seen Saturday mornings on NBC during the 1969 TV season, and Runaround, another children's TV game show seen Saturday mornings on NBC from September 1972 to September 1973.
Other pursuits
Medical and patents
Winchell was a pre-med student at Columbia University. He graduated from The Acupuncture Research College of Los Angeles in 1974, and became an acupuncturist. He also worked as a medical hypnotist at the Gibbs Institute in Hollywood.[1] He developed over 30 patents in his lifetime.[17] He invented an artificial heart with the assistance of Dr. Henry Heimlich, inventor of the Heimlich maneuver, and held an early but not the first U.S. patent for such a device. The University of Utah developed a similar apparatus around the same time, but when they tried to patent it, Winchell's heart was cited as prior art. The university requested that Winchell donate the heart to the University of Utah, which he did.[18]
There is some debate as to how much of Winchell's design Dr. Robert Jarvik used in creating Jarvik's artificial heart. Dr. Heimlich states, "I saw the heart, I saw the patent and I saw the letters. The basic principle used in Winchell's heart and Jarvik's heart is exactly the same."[19]
Jarvik denies that any of Winchell's design elements were incorporated into the device he fabricated for humans — the Jarvik-7, which was successfully implanted into Barney Clark in 1982.[1][20][21]
Winchell established more medical patents while working on projects for the Leukemia Society (now known as the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society) and the American Red Cross. Other devices which he invented and patented include a disposable razor, a blood plasma defroster, a flameless cigarette lighter, an "invisible" garter belt, a fountain pen with a retractable tip, and battery-heated gloves.[1]
Humanitarian efforts
In the 1980s, Winchell, concerned about the starvation in Africa, developed a method to cultivate tilapia fish in tribal villages and small communities. The fish thrives in brackish waters, which made it particularly well suited for sub-Saharan Africa. Winchell appeared before a Congressional Committee with several other celebrities, including actors Richard Dreyfuss and Ed Asner, and Dr. Henry Heimlich. The Committee declined to finance a pilot program for the tilapia aquaculture project (in Africa) because it required digging a well into non-potable water, which the Committee deemed to be inadvisable.[4]
Personal life
Winchell had three children: a son, Stacy Paul Winchell; a daughter, Stephanie, from his first marriage to Dorothy (Dottie) Movitz; and a daughter, April Winchell (the current voice of Clarabelle Cow), who is a comedian and voice actress, from his second marriage to actress Nina Russel. His third wife was the former Jean Freeman.[4] Winchell's autobiography, Winch (2004), exposed many dark areas of Winchell's life, which had hitherto been kept private, including early stories of an abused childhood, a long history of depression and at least one mental breakdown and a short stint in an institution.[22] The autobiography opened old wounds within the Winchell family, prompting daughter April to publicly defend her mother who was negatively portrayed in the book. Winchell was estranged from his children, and thus they were not immediately informed of his death. A message on April's website stated:
I got a phone call a few minutes ago, telling me that my father passed away yesterday. A source close to my dad, or at least, closer than I was, decided to tell me himself, instead of letting me find out on the news, which I appreciate. Apparently a decision had been made not to tell me, or my father's other children. My father was a very troubled and unhappy man. If there is another place after this one, it is my hope that he now has the peace that eluded him on earth.[23]
Winchell was interested and involved in technology until the time of his death. He created and maintained a personal website until 2004. For a short time, he operated the now-defunct website ProtectGod.com, which discussed the theology of the latter years of his life.
Winchell was also a critic of religion, believing it to have brought more chaos to humanity than any "other invention of man".[24]
Death
Winchell retired in 1999, and died of natural causes six years later on June 24, 2005, at age 82.[25] Winchell's friend and Winnie-the-Pooh co-star John Fiedler, who supplied the voice of Piglet, died the following day of cancer at age 80.[26] After Winchell's retirement, Jim Cummings, who also supplies the voice of Pooh Bear, took-over as Tigger.
Filmography
Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | Stop! Look! and Laugh | Himself – The Ventriloquist | Live action |
| 1968 | Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day | Tigger | |
| 1970 | The Aristocats | Shun Gon | |
| 1970 | Which Way to the Front? | Schroeder | Live action |
| 1974 | Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too | Tigger | |
| 1977 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger | |
| 1981 | The Fox and the Hound | Boomer | |
| 1983 | Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore | Tigger | |
| 1997 | Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin | Tigger | Direct-to-Video |
| 1999 | Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving | Tigger | Direct-To-Video; Archive footage |
| 2002 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh: The Story Behind the Masterpiece | Himself | Video documentary short |
| 2009 | I'm No Dummy | Himself | Archival Footage |
Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1961 | The Paul Winchell Show | Host, Jerry Mahoney | Live action |
| 1953 | Season's Greetings | Himself | TV special |
| 1956 | What's My Line? | Himself – Panelist | |
| 1956-1957 | Circus Time | Host, Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead Smiff | Live action |
| 1962 | Saints and Sinners | The Promoter | Live action, "Dear George, The Siamese Cat is Missing" |
| 1962 | The Beverly Hillbillies | Grandpa Winch | Live action |
| 1963 | 77 Sunset Strip | Skeets Riley | Live action, "Falling Stars" |
| 1964 | Perry Mason | Henry Clement | Live action, "The Case of the Nervous Neighbor" |
| 1965–1968 | Winchell-Mahoney Time | Himself, Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead Smiff, Bonehead Smiff, Mr. Goody-good | Live action |
| 1966 | Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles | Diabolical Dauber, Aquator, Devilish Dragster | The Impossibles segments |
| 1966 | The Dick Van Dyke Show | Claude Wilbur | Live action, "Talk to the Snail" |
| 1967 | The Lucy Show | Himself, Doc Putman | Live action, "Lucy and Paul Winchell" |
| 1967 | The Dean Martin Show | Himself | "Episode #2.29" |
| 1968 | The Virginian | Jingo | Live action, "Dark Corridor" |
| 1968–1969 | Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In | Lucky Pierre | Live-Action |
| 1968–1970 | Wacky Races | Dick Dastardly, Clyde, Private Meekly, Sawtooth | |
| 1968–1970 | The Banana Splits | Fleegle, Beagle | |
| 1969 | The Flying Nun | Claudio | Live action, "My Sister the Star" |
| 1969–1970 | Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines | Dick Dastardly, The General, Additional voices | |
| 1969–1970 | The Perils of Penelope Pitstop | Clyde, Softy, Additional voices | |
| 1969–1970 | Here's Lucy | French Knife Thrower, Jeweler, Carlo, The Tailor | Live action, "Lucy, the Cement Worker", "Lucy and Liberace" |
| 1970 | Nanny and the Professor | Herbert T. Peabody | Live action, "The Humanization of Herbert T. Peabody" |
| 1971 | The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show | Rockhead, Father | "Mayor May Not" |
| 1971 | The Brady Bunch | Skip Farnum | Live action, "And Now, a Word from Our Sponsor" |
| 1971–1972 | Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! | Bubi Bear, Furface the Lion, Slicks the Fox, Tiptoes the Ostrich, Gabby the Parrot, Specs the Mole, Pipsqueak the Mouse | He did the voice of Slicks in the first episode, but from then on the character was voiced by Daws Butler, who also voiced Furface in some episodes. Also, Winchell did the voice of Pipsqueak in "Bridal Boo Boo" while in "Love Bug Bungle", the character was voiced by Janet Waldo. |
| 1972 | McMillan & Wife | TV Interviewer | Live action, "Cop of the Year" |
| 1972 | A Christmas Story | Goober | TV special |
| 1972 | Why We Have Elections, or The Kings of Snark | The Narrator | TV short |
| 1972 | The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie | Fleegle, additional voices | "The Banana Splits in Hocus Pocus Park" & "Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family" |
| 1972–1973 | The New Scooby-Doo Movies | Additional voices | |
| 1973 | Circle of Fear | Mr. Carlson | Live action, "The Ghost of Potter's Field" |
| 1973 | Yogi's Gang | Sheik of Selfishness | "The Sheik of Selfishness" |
| 1973 | Dr. Seuss on the Loose | Sam-I-Am, Guy-Am-I, Sneetches | TV short |
| 1973–1975 | Goober and the Ghost Chasers | Goober, Additional voices | |
| 1974 | Hong Kong Phooey | Mr. Shrink, The Mayor | "Dr. Disguiso & The Incredible Mr. Shrink" |
| 1974–1975 | These Are the Days | Additional voices | |
| 1974–1975 | Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch | Revs, Captain Tough, Mailman, Lifeguard | |
| 1975 | Adams of Eagle Lake | Monty | Live action, "Treasure Chest Murder" |
| 1975 | The Tiny Tree | Turtle | TV short |
| 1975 | The Oddball Couple | Fleabag | |
| 1976–1977 | The Pink Panther Show | Fearless Freddy the Shark Hunter | |
| 1976–1977 | Clue Club | Woofer, Additional voices | |
| 1977 | CB Bears | Shake | Shake, Rattle & Roll segment |
| 1977–1978 | The Skatebirds | Moe, The Amazing Bordoni, Professor Octane, Blob Leader, Woofer | The Robonic Stooges and Woofer & Wimper, Dog Detectives segments |
| 1977–1978 | Fred Flintstone and Friends | Goober, Additional Voices | |
| 1978 | To Catch a Halibut | Fearless Freddy | TV short |
| 1978 | Hanna-Barbera's All-Star Comedy Ice Revue | Bubi Bear/Fleego | TV special |
| 1979 | Casper and the Angels | Additional voices | |
| 1979 | The Super Globetrotters | Bad Blue Bart, The Phantom Cowboy | |
| 1980–1982 | Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo | Additional voices | |
| 1980–1982 | Heathcliff | Marmaduke, Phil Winslow, Additional voices | |
| 1981 | Trollkins | Mayor Lumpkin | |
| 1981 | The Flintstones: Wind-Up Wilma | Umpire, Thief, Reporter | TV film |
| 1981–1989 | The Smurfs | Gargamel | |
| 1982 | My Smurfy Valentine | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | The Smurfs Christmas Special | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | The Smurfs' Springtime Special | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1982 | Spider-Man | Uncle Ben, Silvermane | 2 episodes |
| 1982–1983 | Meatballs & Spaghetti | Additional voices | |
| 1983 | The Smurfic Games | Gargamel | TV special |
| 1984 | Here are the Smurfs | Gargamel | TV movie |
| 1985 | The Jetsons | Dr. Input | "S'No Relative" |
| 1985 | The Disney Family Album | Himself | "Voice Actors" |
| 1985–1988 | Yogi's Treasure Hunt | Dick Dastardly, Additional voices | |
| 1985–1990 | Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears | Zummi Gummi | (Seasons 1–5) |
| 1986 | The Kingdom Chums: Little David's Adventure | King Saul | TV film |
| 1986 | Smurfquest | Gargamel | TV movie |
| 1987 | Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose | The Dread Baron | TV film |
| 1988–1990 | The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger, Additional voices | Seasons 1–3 |
| 1990–1991 | Wake, Rattle and Roll | Dick Dastardly | Fender Bender 500 segment |
| 1991 | Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too | Tigger | TV special |
| 1991–1994 | Garfield and Friends | Additional voices | Joined the cast in season 4 |
| 1993 | Droopy, Master Detective | Rumpley's Dad | "A Chip off the old Block Head" |
| 1998 | A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving | Tigger | TV special |
| 1999 | A Valentine for You | Tigger | TV special |
Theme parks
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 | The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh | Tigger (Walt Disney World version) |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Inventor of the Week Archive". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. September 2005. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/winchell.html. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
- ↑ 1930 US Census, Brooklyn, NY, enumerators district 24-1447, sheet 19A
- ↑ "Paul Winchell Biography". http://www.filmreference.com/film/62/Paul-Winchell.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Salamon, Julie (June 27, 2005). "Paul Winchell, 82, TV Host and Film Voice of Pooh's Tigger, Dies". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/27/movies/27winc.html. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lawson, Tim; Persons, Alisa, eds (9 December 2004). The magic behind the voices:a who's who of cartoon actors. University Press of Mississippi. p. 344. ISBN 978-1578066964. https://books.google.com/books?id=6ffdBDDBUYsC&q=winchell#v=snippet&q=mahoney&f=false. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Michaud, John. "Paul Winchell Smurfs Gargamel & Tigger Cartoon Voices Interview 2004". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gt7ow-W8UZQ. Retrieved 1 December 2012. "I went out to California in 1938. I was a kid going to school in NY city and I was studying commercial art. I went to a school called the School of Industrial Art in Manhattan. just about at that time, Edgar Bergan hit the scene. Rudy Valee presented him on his show, the Vallee show, and the rest was history. he became absolutely a rage. [.....] And three months later—it was only three months later—I appeared on the Major Bowes Original Amateur hour on CBS Radio in 1938. [.....] I asked my teacher if I would get credit if I built a ventriloquist figure, would that qualify for credit? And he says "well of course [.....] it requires sculptoring [sic], it requires casting, it requires molding, it requires all of the things that we're studying [.....] I kind of 'Mickey Moused the whole thing.""
- ↑ Herzog, Buck (15 October 1962). "Along Amusement Row". The Milwaukee Journal.
- ↑ "On the Stage". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 21 October 1939. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zZBRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=z2kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3129,1117850&dq=elmo+tanner&hl=en. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ↑ "NBC Chicago Adds Three TV Shows". Broadcasting. November 15, 1948. http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1948/1948-11-15-BC.pdf. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle (24 June 2009). The complete directory to prime time network TV shows, 1946-present (9th ed.). New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0307483201. https://books.google.com/books?id=w8KztFy6QYwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+complete+directory+to+prime+time+network+TV+shows,+1946-present&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPuOqkpNnhAhXmna0KHfXeD8sQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=winchell&f=false. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ Hyatt, Wesley (1997). The Encyclopedia of Daytime Television. Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 337. ISBN 978-0823083152. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofda00hyat/page/337/mode/2up. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ↑ "I'm No Dummy". Internet Movie Database. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0926091/.
- ↑ Dager, Nick (June 6, 2009). "Hollywood's Corporate Delusion". http://digitalcinemareport.com/node/1165.
- ↑ Murphy, Kim (July 3, 1986). "Paul Winchell Gets Last Word and $17.8 Million". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-03/news/mn-917_1_metromedia. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
- ↑ "Justices Won't Review Punitive-Damage Cases". Los Angeles Times. 1989-07-04. http://articles.latimes.com/1989-07-04/business/fi-3268_1_punitive-damages. Retrieved 2014-10-16. "Without comment, the justices turned away the case of a $17.8-million award won by ventriloquist Paul Winchell over the destruction of all videotapes of his popular children's television show of the 1960s."
- ↑ Murphy, Kim (July 3, 1986). "Paul Winchell Gets Last Word and $17.8 Million". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-03/news/mn-917_1_metromedia.
- ↑ "Paul Winchell". Variety. June 26, 2005. https://variety.com/2005/scene/markets-festivals/paul-winchell-1117925081/. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- ↑ Mueller, Jim (August 18, 1999). "One Thing for Sure, He's No Dummy". Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-08-18-9908180371-story.html. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- ↑ "The Most Wonderful Thing about Tigger....". July 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20080212085205/http://www.patentclaim.com/IP_Resources/WOIjul2005.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ↑ "Paul Winchell – Erroneous Claims". Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180204/http://www.jarvikheart.com/basic.asp?id=72. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ↑ "US3097366A". Google Patents. https://patents.google.com/patent/US3097366A/en. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- ↑ Winchell, Paul (March 1, 2004). Winch. New York: Authorhouse. ISBN 978-1414068978.
- ↑ Winchell, April (June 25, 2005). "T.T.F.N.". Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071019165443/http://www.aprilwinchell.com/2005/06/25/577/. Retrieved May 8, 2008.
- ↑ Gaylor, Sabrina. "Paul Winchell". https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14901-paul-winchell. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
- ↑ Oliver, Myrna (25 June 2005). "Paul Winchell, 82; the Voice of Tigger Gained Fame as Ventriloquist". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jun-26-me-winchell26-story.html. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
- ↑ McLellan, Dennis (28 June 2005). "John Fiedler, 80; Character Actor Best Known for Distinctive Voice". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jun-28-me-fiedler28-story.html. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
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