Biography:Rudolph Minkowski
Rudolph Minkowski | |
|---|---|
| Born | May 28, 1895 Strasbourg, German Empire |
| Died | January 4, 1976 (aged 80) Berkeley, California |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | supernovae |
| Awards | Bruce Medal in 1961 |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
| Institutions | Palomar Observatory |
Rudolph Minkowski (born Rudolf Leo Bernhard Minkowski /mɪŋˈkɔːfski, -ˈkɒf-/;[1] de; May 28, 1895 – January 4, 1976) was a German-American astronomer.[2]
Biography
| 1620 Geographos | September 14, 1951 |
Minkowski was the son of Marie Johanna Siegel and physiologist Oskar Minkowski.[4][5] His uncle was Hermann Minkowski, a mathematician and one of Einstein's teachers in Zürich. Rudolph studied supernovae and, together with Walter Baade, divided them into two classes (Type I and Type II) based on their spectral characteristics.[6] He and Baade also found optical counterparts to various radio sources.
He headed the National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, a photographic atlas of the entire northern sky (and south to declination -22°) down to an apparent magnitude of 22.[2]
Together with Albert George Wilson, he co-discovered the near-Earth Apollo asteroid 1620 Geographos in 1951.[7] He additionally discovered a correlation between the luminosity of early-type galaxies and their velocity dispersion,[8] which was later quantified by Faber and Jackson. He won the Bruce Medal in 1961.[2] The lunar crater Minkowski is named after him and his uncle. In the 1940's he created a catalog of nearly 200 planetary nebulae, including Minkowski 2-9,[9] and a dwarf galaxy near NGC 541, known as Minkowski's object, is named after him.[10]
List of discovered astronomical objects
| Name | Discovery Year | Type | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1620 Geographos | 1951 | Asteroid | [7] |
| M1-42 | 1946 | Planetary nebula | [9] |
| M1-63 | 1946 | Planetary nebula | [9] |
| M1-91 | 1946 | Planetary nebula | [9] |
| M1-92 | 1946 | Protoplanetary nebula | [9] |
| M2-9 | 1947 | Planetary nebula | [11] |
| M2-42 | 1947 | Planetary nebula | [11] |
| M4-18 | 1959 | Planetary nebula[lower-alpha 1] | [13] |
Bibliography
- Minkowski, R (1960), "International Cooperative Efforts Directed Toward Optical Identification of Radio Sources", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46 (1): 13–9, Jan 1960, doi:10.1073/pnas.46.1.13, PMID 16590587, Bibcode: 1960PNAS...46...13M
Footnotes
References
- ↑ "Minkowski". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kuhi, Leonard V. (March 1976). "Rudoph L. Minkowski". Physics Today 29 (3): 78–80. doi:10.1063/1.3023389.
- ↑ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 23 May 2016. http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ↑ Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present: I–M
- ↑ The Concise Dictionary of American Jewish Biography
- ↑ "Rudolph Minkowski 1895—1976". http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/minkowski-rudolph.pdf.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1620) Geographos". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1620) Geographos. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 128. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1621. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ↑ Minkowski, R. (1962), Internal Dispersion of Velocities in Other Galaxies
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Minkowski, R. (1946). "New Emission Nebulae". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 58 (344): 305. doi:10.1086/125855. Bibcode: 1946PASP...58..305M.
- ↑ Minkowski, R. (1958). "The Problem of the Identification of Extragalactic Radio Sources". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 70 (413): 143. doi:10.1086/127200. Bibcode: 1958PASP...70..143M.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Minkowski, R. (1947). "New Emission Nebulae (II)". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 59: 257. doi:10.1086/125962. ISSN 0004-6280. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/125962. Retrieved 2025-07-22.
- ↑ Surendiranath, R.; Rao, N. K. (1995-08-01). "A photoionization model of the nebula around the WC11 star M4-18". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 275 (3): 685–698. doi:10.1093/mnras/275.3.685. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ Leuenhagen, U.; Hamann, W. R.; Jeffery, C. S. (1996). "Spectral analyses of late-type WC central stars of planetary nebulae.". Astronomy & Astrophysics 312: 167–185. Bibcode: 1996A&A...312..167L.
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