Biology:ALDH1A1
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1, also known as ALDH1A1 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that is encoded by the ALDH1A1 gene.[1][2]
Function
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of this enzyme, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations; this gene encodes the main cytosolic isoform, which has a lower affinity for aldehydes than the mitochondrial enzyme.[3] Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of East Asians have only the cytosolic isozyme, missing the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among East Asians than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of the mitochondrial isozyme. Furthermore, mutations in this enzyme have been linked to alcoholism in humans.[4][5]
ALDH1A1 also belongs to the group of corneal crystallins that help maintain the transparency of the cornea.[6] ALDH1A1 maintains stemness of cancer cells and several drugs have been designed to target cancer stem cells by targeting ALDH1A1.[7]
References
- ↑ "The 56 kDa androgen binding protein is an aldehyde dehydrogenase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 175 (3): 831–8. March 1991. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91640-X. PMID 1709013.
- ↑ "Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82 (11): 3771–5. June 1985. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.11.3771. PMID 2987944. Bibcode: 1985PNAS...82.3771H.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: ALDH1A1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=216.
- ↑ "Associations and interactions between SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes and alcoholism phenotypes in European Americans". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 33 (5): 848–57. May 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00904.x. PMID 19298322.
- ↑ "Haplotype-based study of the association of alcohol-metabolizing genes with alcohol dependence in four independent populations". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 35 (2): 304–16. February 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01346.x. PMID 21083667.
- ↑ "The cellular basis of corneal transparency: evidence for 'corneal crystallins'". Journal of Cell Science. 112 112 (5): 613–22. March 1999. doi:10.1242/jcs.112.5.613. PMID 9973596.
- ↑ "Targeting Aldehyde Dehydrogenases to Eliminate Cancer Stem Cells in Gynecologic Malignancies". Cancers 12 (4): 961. April 2020. doi:10.3390/cancers12040961. PMID 32295073.
External links
- Human ALDH1A1 genome location and ALDH1A1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- "Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and gelsolin identified as novel invasion-modulating factors in conditioned medium of pancreatic cancer cells". Journal of Proteomics 71 (5): 561–71. December 2008. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2008.09.002. PMID 18848913. http://doras.dcu.ie/2363/1/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_1A1_and_gelsolin.pdf.
- "Subcortical oligodendrocyte- and astrocyte-associated gene expression in subjects with schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder". Schizophrenia Research 112 (1–3): 54–64. July 2009. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.019. PMID 19447584.
- "Influence of polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, GSTA1, GSTP1, ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1) on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 18 (6): 515–23. June 2008. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282fc9766. PMID 18496131.
- "Gene expression profiling of NF-1-associated and sporadic pilocytic astrocytoma identifies aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1) as an underexpressed candidate biomarker in aggressive subtypes". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 67 (12): 1194–204. December 2008. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e31818fbe1e. PMID 19018242.
- "Aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing colon stem cells contribute to tumorigenesis in the transition from colitis to cancer". Cancer Research 69 (20): 8208–15. October 2009. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1132. PMID 19808966.
- "Aldehyde dehydrogenase discriminates the CD133 liver cancer stem cell populations". Molecular Cancer Research 6 (7): 1146–53. July 2008. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0035. PMID 18644979.
- "Molecular cloning and oxidative modification of human lens ALDH1A1: implication in impaired detoxification of lipid aldehydes". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 72 (9): 577–84. 2009. doi:10.1080/15287390802706371. PMID 19296407. Bibcode: 2009JTEHA..72..577X.
- Gojobori, Takashi, ed (May 2009). "Consequences of lineage-specific gene loss on functional evolution of surviving paralogs: ALDH1A and retinoic acid signaling in vertebrate genomes". PLOS Genetics 5 (5): e1000496. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000496. PMID 19478994.
- "Association study between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 199 drug-related genes and commonly measured quantitative traits of 752 healthy Japanese subjects". Journal of Human Genetics 54 (6): 317–23. June 2009. doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.31. PMID 19343046.
- "Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 is a putative marker for cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 385 (3): 307–13. July 2009. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.048. PMID 19450560.
- "Genetical genomic determinants of alcohol consumption in rats and humans". BMC Biology 7: 70. October 2009. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-7-70. PMID 19874574.
- "Stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive breast cancers are characterized by negative estrogen receptor, positive human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2, and high Ki67 expression". Cancer Science 100 (6): 1062–8. June 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01151.x. PMID 19385968.
- "Relations between polymorphisms in drug-metabolising enzymes and toxicity of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 18 (11): 1009–15. November 2008. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e328313aaa4. PMID 18854779.
- "Positive association between ALDH1A2 and schizophrenia in the Chinese population". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 33 (8): 1491–5. November 2009. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.008. PMID 19703508.
- "Association study of genetic polymorphism in ABCC4 with cyclophosphamide-induced adverse drug reactions in breast cancer patients". Journal of Human Genetics 54 (10): 564–71. October 2009. doi:10.1038/jhg.2009.79. PMID 19696793.
- "Identification of a novel cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase allele, ALDH1A1*4". Human Genomics 3 (4): 304–7. July 2009. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-3-4-304. PMID 19706361.
- "ALDH1 expression correlates with favorable prognosis in ovarian cancers". Modern Pathology 22 (6): 817–23. June 2009. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.35. PMID 19329942.
- "The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1A1) polymorphisms in harmful alcohol consumption in a Finnish population". Human Genomics 3 (1): 24–35. September 2008. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-3-1-24. PMID 19129088.
- "ALDH isozymes downregulation affects cell growth, cell motility and gene expression in lung cancer cells". Molecular Cancer 7 (1): 87. November 2008. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-7-87. PMID 19025616.
- "The Molecular Context of Oxidant Stress Response in Cancer Establishes ALDH1A1 as a Critical Target: What This Means for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (11): 9372. 2023. doi:10.3390/ijms24119372. PMID 37298333.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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