Biology:Amorpha fruticosa

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Short description: Species of flowering plant in the pea family

Amorpha fruticosa
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Amorpha
Species:
A. fruticosa
Binomial name
Amorpha fruticosa
L.
Synonyms[1]

Amorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush.[2] It is native to North America.

Description

Amorpha fruticosa is a perennial shrub.[3] It grows as a glandular, thornless shrub which can reach 5 or 6 m (16 or 20 ft) in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped leaflets. The inflorescence is a spike-shaped raceme of many flowers, each with a single purple petal and ten protruding stamens with yellow anthers. The fruit is a legume pod containing one or two seeds.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The native range extends through much of the United States and south into Mexico.[5] Its native habitats include stream and pond edges, open woods, roadsides and canyons.[3]

The species has escaped cultivation elsewhere and is present as an introduced species in Europe,[6] Asia, and other continents. It is often cultivated as an ornamental plant, and some wild populations may be descended from garden escapes. Invasive in Georgia.

Flowers

Chemistry

6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol, a rotenoid, can be found in the fruits of A. fruticosa.[7] Several members of the amorfrutin class of compounds have been isolated from the fruits.[8] Amorfrutins as well as other secondary metabolites from A. fruticosa have displayed favorable bioactivities counteracting diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.[9]

Ecology

It is a larval host to the clouded sulphur, gray hairstreak, hoary edge, Io moth, marine blue, silver-spotted skipper, and southern dogface.[10] The plentiful seeds are a food source for bobwhite quail. Both bees and butterflies use the flowers as a nectar source.[11]

Cultivars

  • 'Albiflora', with white flowers
  • 'Crispa', with curled leaves
  • 'Lewisii', with narrow leaves
  • 'Pendula', with arching branches, forming a dome shape

References

  1. ↑ "Amorpha fruticosa L." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/11421-2. 
  2. ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Amorpha fruticosa | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = }}
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=amfr. 
  4. ↑ "Western False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa". https://calscape.org/Amorpha-fruticosa-(). 
  5. ↑ "Amorpha fruticosa L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:11421-2. 
  6. ↑ DAISIE (2009). Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 399. ISBN 978-1-4020-8279-5. 
  7. ↑ Hak Ju Lee; Ha Young Kang; Cheol Hee Kim; Hyo Sung Kim; Min Chul Kwon; Sang Moo Kim; Il Shik Shin; Hyeon Yong Lee (2007). "Effect of new rotenoid glycoside from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE on the growth of human immune cells". Cytotechnology 52 (3): 219–226. doi:10.1007/s10616-006-9040-5. PMID 19002880. 
  8. ↑ Weidner, C.; De Groot, J. C.; Prasad, A.; Freiwald, A.; Quedenau, C.; Kliem, M.; Witzke, A.; Kodelja, V. et al. (2012). "Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (19): 7257–62. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116971109. PMID 22509006. PMC 3358853. Bibcode: 2012PNAS..109.7257W. http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:1694931/component/escidoc:1694930/PNAS-2012-Weidner-1116971109.pdf. 
  9. ↑ Kozuharova, E; Matkowski, A; Woźniak, D; Simeonova, R; Naychov, Z; Malainer, C; Mocan, A; Nabavi, SM et al. (June 8, 2017). "Amorpha fruticosa - A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease?". Frontiers in Pharmacology 8: 333. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00333. PMID 28642702. 
  10. ↑ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  11. ↑ Kurz, Don (2004). Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri (Second ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. pp. 48. ISBN 1-887247-44-0. 

| mode = cs1 | title = Amorpha fruticosa | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = }}

  • Amorpha fruticosa L. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) (in Chinese) (in English)

Wikidata ☰ Q157983 entry




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