Biology:Anairetes
Anairetes is a genus containing the tit-tyrants, a group of small, mainly Andean birds, in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. The group briefly included the genus Uromyias, which had been recognized based on syringeal and plumage characters, including a flatter crest and a longer tail, but was included within Anairetes due to genetic analysis.[1][2] Recent analyses suggested splitting into Uromyias again.[3] Anairetes is believed to be most closely related to the genera Mecocerculus and Serpophaga; however, there is no definitive evidence supporting this claim.[4]
They are fairly small birds (11–14 cm) that get their common name from the tit family, due to their energetic tit-like dispositions and appearance, primarily in their crests.[1] Species in this genus live in temperate or arid scrub habitats and are mainly found in the Andes mountains.[1] It is one of only a few genera of small flycatchers that occur at such high altitudes.[5]
Species
The genus contains 6 species:[6]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ash-breasted tit-tyrant
|
Anairetes alpinus (Carriker, 1933) |
Bolivia and Peru.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
EN
|
| Black-crested tit-tyrant
|
Anairetes nigrocristatus Taczanowski, 1884 |
Ecuador and Peru.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Pied-crested tit-tyrant
File:Anairetes reguloides Pied-crested Tit-Tyrant; San Jerónimo de Surco, Lima, Peru (cropped).jpg |
Anairetes reguloides (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) |
coastal Peru and far northern Chile.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Yellow-billed tit-tyrant
|
Anairetes flavirostris Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1876 |
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Juan Fernández tit-tyrant
|
Anairetes fernandezianus (Philippi, 1857) |
Juan Fernández Islands in the South Pacific Ocean off Chile. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
NT
|
| Tufted tit-tyrant
|
Anairetes parulus (Kittlitz, 1830) |
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Map of range |
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 del Hoyo 2004, p. 177
- ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, T. S. Schulenberg, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, & K. J. Zimmer. 2007. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists' Union. Accessed 12 December 2007.
- ↑ DuBay, S.G., Witt, C.C. 2012. An improved phylogeny of the Andean tit-tyrants (Aves, Tyrannidae): More characters trump sophisticated analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64, 285-296.
- ↑ del Hoyo 2004, p. 176
- ↑ del Hoyo 2004, p. 190
- ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds (2019). "Tyrant flycatchers". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/flycatchers/. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
Cited texts
- del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David, eds (2004). "Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails". Handbook of the Birds of the World. 9. Barcelona: Lynx Editions.
See also
- Tit-tyrants
Wikidata ☰ Q698541 entry
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