Biology:Andrias
Andrias is a genus of giant salamanders. It includes the largest salamanders in the world, with A. japonicus reaching a length of 1.44 metres (4 ft 9 in), and A. sligoi reaching 1.80 metres (5 ft 11 in). While extant species are known only from East Asia, several extinct species in the genus are known from late Oligocene and Neogene aged fossils collected in Europe and North America, indicating that the genus formerly had a much wider range.[1]
Taxonomy
The generic name derives from Ancient Greek ἀνδριάς, "statue". The former name was Megalobatrachus, from Ancient Greek meaning "giant frog".
Phylogeny
This phylogeny is based on Chai et al (2022).[2] and Vasilyan et al (2013)[3]
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Cryptobranchus alleganiensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Andrias |
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Alternative phylogeny by Fang et al (2018).[4]
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Cryptobranchus alleganiensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Andrias |
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Species
Extant species
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andrias cheni | Qimen giant salamander | Eastern China (Huangshan Mountains in Anhui Province) | |
| 120px | Andrias davidianus | Chinese giant salamander | Central China (traditionally considered widespread in the country, but likely restricted to Yangtze River basin), introduced to Kyoto Prefecture, Japan[5] |
| 120px | Andrias japonicus | Japanese giant salamander | Southern Japan (southern Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku) |
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Andrias jiangxiensis | Jiangxi giant salamander | Eastern China (Jiangxi Province) |
| 120px | Andrias sligoi | South China giant salamander | Southern China (Pearl River basin) |
Based on genetic evidence, there may be more extant species in the genus. A study in 2018 found that A. davidianus sensu lato was a species complex that consisted of at least five different species.[6] A. sligoi, which was formerly synonymized with A. davidianus, was revived in 2019 for one of these populations. Another one of these was described as A. jiangxiensis in 2022, and another as A. cheni in 2023.[7][8][9]
Fossil species
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80px | †Andrias matthewi | Matthew's giant salamander | United States and Canada | early-middle Miocene |
| 60px | †Andrias scheuchzeri | Central Europe, possibly Central Asia and Western Siberia | late Oligocene-late Pliocene |
References
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Andrias". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37351.
- ↑ Chai, Jing; Lu, Chen-Qi; Yi, Mu-Rong; Dai, Nian-Hua; Weng, Xiao-Dong; Di, Ming-Xiao; Peng, Yong; Tang, Yong et al. (2022-05-18). "Discovery of a wild, genetically pure Chinese giant salamander creates new conservation opportunities" (in en). Zoological Research 43 (3): 469–480. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.101. ISSN 2095-8137. PMID 35514224.
- ↑ Vasilyan, D.; Böhme, M.; Chkhikvadze, V. M.; Semenov, Y. A.; Joyce, W. G. (2013). "A new giant salamander (Urodela, Pancryptobrancha) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe (Grytsiv, Ukraine)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (2): 301. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722151.
- ↑ Yan, Fang; Lü, Jingcai; Zhang, Baolin; Yuan, Zhiyong; Zhao, Haipeng; Huang, Song; Wei, Gang; Mi, Xue et al. (2018). "The Chinese giant salamander exemplifies the hidden extinction of cryptic species". Current Biology 28 (10): R590–R592. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.004. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 29787716.
- ↑ Nishikawa, Kanto; Matsui, Masafumi; Yoshikawa, Natsuhiko; Tominaga, Atsushi; Eto, Koshiro; Fukuyama, Ibuki; Fukutani, Kazumi; Matsubara, Kohei et al. (2024-01-31). "Discovery of ex situ individuals of Andrias sligoi, an extremely endangered species and one of the largest amphibians worldwide" (in en). Scientific Reports 14 (1): 2575. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52907-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10831114. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-52907-6.
- ↑ "5 Giant Salamander Species Identified—And They're All in Danger". 2018-05-29. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/05/chinese-giant-salamander-species-animals/.
- ↑ Turvey, Samuel T.; Marr, Melissa M.; Barnes, Ian; Brace, Selina; Tapley, Benjamin; Murphy, Robert W.; Zhao, Ermi; Cunningham, Andrew A. (2019). "Historical museum collections clarify the evolutionary history of cryptic species radiation in the world's largest amphibians" (in en). Ecology and Evolution 9 (18): 10070–10084. doi:10.1002/ece3.5257. ISSN 2045-7758. PMID 31624538.
- ↑ Chai, Jing; Lu, Chen-Qi; Yi, Mu-Rong; Dai, Nian-Hua; Weng, Xiao-Dong; Di, Ming-Xiao; Peng, Yong; Tang, Yong et al. (2022-05-18). "Discovery of a wild, genetically pure Chinese giant salamander creates new conservation opportunities" (in en). Zoological Research 43 (3): 469–480. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.101. ISSN 2095-8137. PMID 35514224. PMC 9113980. https://www.zoores.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.101.
- ↑ Frost, Darrell. "Andrias cheni Xu, Gong, Li, Jiang, Huang, and Huang, 2023". https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Caudata/Cryptobranchidae/Andrias/Andrias-cheni.
- AmphibiaWeb - Andrias japonicus. Accessed 2008-04-08.
- AmphibiaWeb - Andrias davidianus. Accessed 2008-04-08.
- Amphibian Species of the World 5.1. Accessed 2008-04-10.
Wikidata ☰ Q922164 entry
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