Biology:Austrosimulium
From HandWiki
Austrosimulium is a genus of about 30 species of black flies that are distributed in Australia and New Zealand. There are 2 subgenera: Austrosimulium whose species are principally from New Zealand, and Novaustrosimulium which are exclusively Australian.[1] Austrosimulium is a sister genus to the monospecific Paraustrosimulium of South America.[2]
Some species are known to spread the protozoan blood parasite Leucocytozoon tawaki in penguins.[3][4][5]
In New Zealand, where they are known as sandflies or namu (in Māori from Proto-Austronesian *ñamuk "mosquito", compare with Malay: nyamuk),[6][7] three species – A. australense, A. tillyardianum and A. ungulatum – bite humans.[8][6][9]
Species
These 30 species belong to the genus Austrosimulium:[10]
- Subgenus Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925
- Austrosimulium albovelatum Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium alveolatum Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium australense (Schiner, 1868) (New Zealand, Stewart Island)
- Austrosimulium bicorne Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium campbellense Dumbleton, 1973 (Campbell Island)
- Austrosimulium cornutum Tonnoir, 1925 (Australia (Victoria, NSW, Tasmania))
- Austrosimulium crassipes Tonnoir, 1925 (Australia (Victoria, NSW, Queensland))
- Austrosimulium dugdalei Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 (New Zealand (North Island))
- Austrosimulium dumbletoni Crosby, 1976 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium extendorum Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 (New Zealand (Stewart Island))
- Austrosimulium fiordense Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium fulvicorne Mackerras & Mackerras, 1950 (Australia (Queensland))
- Austrosimulium laticorne Tonnoir, 1925 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium longicorne Tonnoir, 1925 (New Zealand)
- Austrosimulium mirabile Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948 (Australia (Queensland))
- Austrosimulium montanum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1952 (Australia (NSW, Victoria))
- Austrosimulium multicorne Tonnoir, 1925 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium stewartense Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (Stewart Island, South Island))
- Austrosimulium tillyardianum Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand)
- Austrosimulium tonnoiri Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium ungulatum Tonnoir, 1925 (New Zealand (South Island, Stewart Island))
- Austrosimulium unicorne Dumbleton, 1973 (New Zealand (South Island))
- Austrosimulium vailavoense Craig, Craig & Crosby, 2012 (New Zealand (Stewart Island, South Island))
- Austrosimulium vexans (Mik, 1881) (Auckland Islands)
- Subgenus Novaustrosimulium Dumbleton, 1973
- Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor, 1918) (Australia)
- Austrosimulium furiosum (Skuse, 1889) (Australia)
- Austrosimulium magnum Mackerras & Mackerras, 1955 (Australia (Queensland))
- Austrosimulium pestilens Mackerras & Mackerras, 1948 (Australia (Queensland, NSW, Northern Territory))
- Austrosimulium torrentium Tonnoir, 1925 (Australia (Tasmania, NSW, Victoria))
- Austrosimulium victoriae (Roubaud, 1906) (Australia)
Literature cited
- ↑ Peter H. Adler; Roger W. Crosskey (2009). World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory (Report). pp. 109. https://diptera.info/downloads/blackflyinventory-2012.pdf.
- ↑ Craig, Douglas Abercrombie McBeath; Craig, Ruth E. G.; Crosby, Trevor K. (2012-06-29). "Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera)" (in English). Fauna of New Zealand 68. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.68. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44963749.
- ↑ Douglas A. Craig; Trevor K. Crosby (2008). "Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)". Zootaxa (New Zealand: Magnolia Press) 1811: 57–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/z01811p068f.pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
- ↑ A. M. Fallis; S. A. Bisset; F. R. Allison (1976). "Leucocytozoon tawaki n.sp. (Eucoccida: Leucocytozoidae) from the penguin Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, and preliminary observations on its development in Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology (Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand) 3 (1): 11–16. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517893.
- ↑ T. K. Crosby (1976). "Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) dumbletoni n.sp. from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology (Wellington, New Zealand: The Royal Society of New Zealand) 3 (1): 17–19. doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517894.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Walrond, Carl (24 September 2007). "Sandflies and mosquitoes - Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/sandflies-and-mosquitoes/page-1. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ↑ Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010). "*ñamuk: mosquito". Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. https://acd.clld.org/cognatesets/30143#3/-11.54/148.25.
- ↑ Early, John (2009). Know your New Zealand ... native insects & spiders. New Holland. p. 120. ISBN 9781869662530.
- ↑ "Catalogue of Life, Austrosimulium Tonnoir, 1925". https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/BXYTL.
- ↑ Adler, Peter H. (2024). World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory [2024] (Report). Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University. https://biomia.sites.clemson.edu/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
External links
- Citizen science observations for Austrosimulium at iNaturalist
Data related to Austrosimulium at Wikispecies- https://web.archive.org/web/20130208160901/http://www.waitakere.govt.nz/AbtCit/ei/EcoWtr/macroinv/macroinvertebrates.asp | page with many Macroinvertebrates listed, described and illustrated
Wikidata ☰ Q10736343 entry
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