Biology:Balearic green toad
| Balearic green toad | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Bufotes |
| Species: | B. balearicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Bufotes balearicus (Boettger, 1880)
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| Synonyms | |
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Bufo balearicus Boettger, 1880 | |
The Balearic green toad (Bufotes balearicus) is a species of anuran, a toad, belonging to the true toad family, Bufonidae, from Italy and islands in the western Mediterranean Sea. It is mostly a lowland species, but can be found as high as 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level in central Italy.[1]
Distribution
The Balearic green toad, despite its name, is native to Italy (where it is present on all territories except for the extreme north-east, south-east and south-west) and Corsica.[1] This species appears to have been introduced, either accidentally or deliberately, to the Balearic Islands from Sardinia and Corsica, probably in the Bronze Age.[2][3] The Balearic population is still common, but declining.[1] It formerly extended into Switzerland and there have been (so far) unsuccessful reintroduction attempts in that country.[4] Its range meets that of the similar and closely related European green toad (B. viridis) in far northeastern Italy and that of the Sicilian green toad (B. boulengeri siculus) in easternmost Sicily.[4][5]
Taxonomy and appearance
File:Pseudepidalea balearica - San Vincenzo 2007.ogvThe Balearic green toad was first formally described in 1880 as Bufo variabilis Pall. var. balearica by Oskar Boettger with its type locality given as the Balearic islands of Menorca and Mallorca.[6] Once considered the same as the European green toad, molecular genetic data now firmly support its status as a separate species.[5][7] There is some hybridization where their ranges come into contact; hybridization with the Sicilian green toad is extremely limited.[4][8] The three species are very similar, but the Balearic green toad has paratoid glands with brownish or reddish spots.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bufotes balearicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T153567A157692900.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/153567/157692900. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ↑ Helmut Hemmer; Beate Kadel; Karl Kadel (1981). "The Balearic toad (Bufo viridis balearicus) (BOETTGER, 1881)), human bronze age culture, and Mediterranean biogeography". Amphibia-Reptilia 2 (3): 217–230. doi:10.1163/156853881X00041. https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/amre/2/3/article-p217_4.pdf?srsltid=AfmBOopf9HGVfDHxglUCdDytSO-VjgFjioe34GEWvlZkE1uxhuHH9qVA.
- ↑ Hemmer, Helmut; Kadel, Beate; Kadel, Karl (1981). "The Balearic toad (Bufo viridis balearicus (BOETTGER, 1881)), human bronze age culture, and Mediterranean biogeography". Amphibia-Reptilia 2 (3): 217–230. doi:10.1163/156853881X00041.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Dufresnes, C. (2019). Amphibians of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-4729-4137-4.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Dufresnes, C. (2019). "Fifteen shades of green: The evolution of Bufotes toads revisited". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 141. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106615. PMID 31520778. Bibcode: 2019MolPE.14106615D. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/643281.
- ↑ Dr. O. Boettger (1880). "6. Neue Krötenvarietät von den Balearen". Zoologischer Anzeiger III (42–72): 642–643. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9456922. Retrieved 2026-05-17.
- ↑ Stöck, M.; Sicilia, A.; Belfiore, N.; Buckley, D.; Lo Brutto, S.; Lo Valvo, M.; Arculeo, M. (2008). "Post-Messinian evolutionary relationships across the Sicilian channel: Mitochondrial and nuclear markers link a new green toad from Sicily to African relatives". BMC Evolutionary Biology 8 (1): 56–74. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-56. PMID 18294389. Bibcode: 2008BMCEE...8...56S.
- ↑ Colliard, C.; A. Sicilia; G.F. Turrisi; M. Arculeo; N. Perrin; M. Stöck (2010). "Strong reproductive barriers in a narrow hybrid zone of West-Mediterranean green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup) with Plio-Pleistocene divergence". BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 (1): 232. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-232. PMID 20670415. Bibcode: 2010BMCEE..10..232C.
External links
Data related to Bufotes balearica at Wikispecies
Wikidata ☰ Q27653402 entry
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