Biology:Bicolor angelfish
| Bicolor angelfish | |
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| File:Bicolor angelfish (Centropyge bicolor) (40856469565) (cropped).jpg | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Pomacanthidae |
| Genus: | Centropyge |
| Species: | C. bicolor
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| Binomial name | |
| Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Chaetodon bicolor Bloch, 1787 | |
The bicolor angelfish (Centropyge bicolor), also known as the Pacific rock beauty, oriole angelfish, oriole dwarf angel, blue and gold angel or two-colored angel,[3] is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the angelfish family Pomacanthidae.
Description
The bicolor angelfish is a small, easily recognizable fish. The head (excluding the areas around and above the eyes), the front of the body and the pelvic and caudal fins are bright yellow, the pectoral fins are essentially transparent, and all other parts are dark blue.
Distribution and habitat
The bicolor angelfish is found in the Indo-Pacific region, including East Africa, southern Japan, Australia, the Philippines and Fiji.[4] It lives at a depth range of 1–25 m (3.3–82.0 ft), and is associated with reef slopes, coral-rich areas, lagoons, and near drop-off areas.[2]
Ecology
Diet
The diet of a typical bicolor angelfish consists of small crustaceans (such as brine and mysis shrimp), as well as tunicates, corals, sponges, worms, algae, and sometimes clams.[3]
Life cycle
The larval stages of the bicolor angelfish lasts for approximately 32 days.[5] All larvae are female, as this species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, and sex change only happens in adulthood and in special circumstances (see below). The life expectancy of this species in the wild varies greatly depending on location, and ranges between 5 and 13 years.[6]
Social structure
As adult, the bicolor angelfish lives in harems, with one male dominating the harem and several females (7 on average) ranked linearly based on size; these females exclusively mate with that one male.[3][7] If the male is removed or dies, the highest ranking female in the harem will undergo sex change to replace the male. This sex change takes between 18 and 20 days in total.[2]
Reproduction
When time is right for reproduction, the male visits the females in the harem to mate, usually at dusk. The male may visit one or multiple females per night to spawn; in contrast, each female spawns at most once per night. The female being visited will scatter her eggs, and the male will release sperm to fertilize the eggs.[8] Higher-ranking females have been found to spawn more frequently than lower-ranked females.
Behavior
The bicolor angelfish is moderately aggressive, both to members of other species and members of their own species. The male spends most of his time guarding his territory - which tends to not exceed 200 m2 (2,200 sq ft) and encompasses the home ranges of all females within the harem - from predators, intruding members of other species, but mostly against other harems. Females are only aggressive towards lower-ranking members of the harem, as they hope to maintain their current rank.[7]
In captivity, the bicolor angelfish has been observed to act as a facultative cleaner fish. It seems unlikely that it would show this behavior in the wild.[9]
In the aquarium
Because the bicolor angelfish is a somewhat aggressive fish, it requires a large tank (at least 75 gallons),[10] and is best suited for a tank consisting of coral, rocks and plants.[11] Tanks with a lot of hiding spaces are best, as this species likes to move from one hiding place to another.[12] Also due to its aggressiveness, it is ideal if there are no other fish species present in the same tank. The water temperature should be kept around 23–26 °C (73–79 °F), and the pH level between 8.1 and 8.4. The level of care that the bicolor angelfish requires is moderate,[13] and it takes a range of foods, including algae, shrimps, worms, and spirulina flakes.[14]
References
- ↑ Pyle, R.; Myers, R.F.; Rocha, L.A. (2010). "Centropyge bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165902A6161394.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/165902/6161394. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Centropyge bicolor" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Depriest, Brian, et al. "Bicolor Angelfish." SaltwaterFish, 2 Aug. 2014, www.saltwaterfish.com/product-bicolor-angelfish-a
- ↑ Herrera, M.; Saenz-Agudelo, P.; Nanninga, G. B.; Berumen, M. L. (2015). "Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for conservation genetic studies of the coral reef fish Centropyge bicolor: microsatellite markers for Centropyge bicolor". Journal of Fish Biology 87 (3): 748–753. doi:10.1111/jfb.12694. PMID 26272332.
- ↑ Thresher, Ronald E.; Brothers, Edward B. (1985). "Reproductive ecology and biogeography of indo-west pacific angelfishes (Pisces: Pomacanthidae)". Evolution 39 (4): 878–887. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00429.x. PMID 28561358.
- ↑ Aldenhoven, J. M. (1986). "Local variation in mortality rates and life-expectancy estimates of the coral-reef fish Centropyge bicolor (Pisces: Pomacanthidae)". Marine Biology 92 (2): 237–244. doi:10.1007/BF00392841. Bibcode: 1986MarBi..92..237A.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ang, Tzo Zen; Manica, Andrea (2010). "Benefits and costs of dominance in the angelfish Centropyge bicolor". Ethology 116 (9): 855–865. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01798.x. Bibcode: 2010Ethol.116..855A.
- ↑ "Egg Scattering." Fish Breeding Strategies, https://fishbreedingstrategies.weebly.com/egg-scattering.html
- ↑ Narvaez, Pauline; Morais, Renato A. (2020). "Filling an empty role: first report of cleaning by pygmy angelfishes (Centropyge, Pomacanthidae)". Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 22 (1): 31–36. doi:10.3755/galaxea.22.1_31.
- ↑ Animal-World. "Bicolor Angelfish." Animal World, [1]
- ↑ "Bicolor Angelfish." Animal Planet, 15 May 2012, http://www.animalplanet.com/pets/bicolorangel/
- ↑ Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787). Bicolor Angelfish. Discover Life, https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Centropyge+bicolor
- ↑ Centropyge bicolor – Bicolor Angelfish, http://www.marinecompatibilityguide.com/centropygebicolor
- ↑ "Bicolor Angelfish." Bicolor Angelfish, https://www.aquaticcommunity.com/Marine-angelfish/Bicolor.php
External links
- Bicolor Angelfish at Centropyge.net
- Bicolor Angelfish at Fishlore.com
- Photos of Bicolor angelfish on Sealife Collection
Wikidata ☰ Q882860 entry
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