Biology:Byssoloma

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Byssoloma is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.[2]

Description

Species in genus Byssoloma form crustose, effuse (spreading) lichens that lack a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (outer protective layer). Their [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], or photosynthetic partner, is of the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] type, a form of green algae.[3]

The apothecia (fruiting bodies), are [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (directly attached to the thallus without a stalk) and approximately circular in shape. They lack a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (a rim formed by the lichen thallus) and possess a [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], which is a layer of loosely arranged hyphae that can appear hairy or web-like ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) in some species. The hymenium, the spore-bearing tissue, reacts with iodine to turn blue (I+ blue). The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], consisting of paraphyses (filamentous support structures), is unbranched or slightly branched and not or only slightly thickened at the tips.[3]

The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], a layer beneath the hymenium, is dark red-brown and may turn purple when treated with potassium hydroxide (K) solution in European species. The asci, which are the sac-like structures where spores develop, typically contain eight spores. They have thick walls and a blue-staining apical dome with a darker blue tubular ring structure and an amyloid (starch-like) gelatinous coat.[3]

The [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] are three-septate (having three internal partitions), colourless, and found in European species. Asexual reproductive structures, the pycnidia, are also sessile and roughly spherical, usually covered by a layer of loosely interwoven hyphae. The conidiophores (spore-producing cells) are unbranched, forming flask-shaped, [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (rod-like), or ellipsoidal conidia (asexual spores) that are constricted in the middle.[3]

Chemically, argopsin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), is sometimes detected in one species, but otherwise, Byssoloma lacks lichen products.[3]

Species

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Byssoloma meadii
Byssoloma subdiscordans

As of July 2024, Species Fungorum accepts 39 species of Byssoloma.[4]

  • Byssoloma annuum (Vain.) G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)
  • Byssoloma aurantiacum Kalb & Vězda (1990)[5]
  • Byssoloma australiense P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2018)[6]
  • Byssoloma braulioi Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Byssoloma brunneodiscum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[8] – China
  • Byssoloma carneum Rain.Schub., Greber & Lücking (2003)[9]
  • Byssoloma catarinense L.I.Ferraro & Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Byssoloma catillariosporum M.Cáceres, M.W.O.Santos & Aptroot (2013)[10]
  • Byssoloma chlorinum (Vain.) Zahlbr. (1932)
  • Byssoloma confusum Farkas & Vězda (1993)[11]
  • Byssoloma diederichii Sérus. (1998)[12]
  • Byssoloma dimerelloides Sipman & Aptroot (1991)[13]
  • Byssoloma discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr. (1923)
  • Byssoloma fuscothallinum Lücking (2006)[14]
  • Byssoloma fuscum van den Boom (2016)[15]
  • Byssoloma humboldtianum Lücking & Kalb (2000)[16]
  • Byssoloma hypophyllum Lücking & Kalb (2000)[16]
  • Byssoloma kakouettae (Sérus.) Lücking & Sérus. (2002)
  • Byssoloma laurisilvae Breuss (2013)[17] – Europe
  • Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. (1926)
  • Byssoloma llimonae Sérus., Gómez-Bolea, Longán & Lücking (2002)[18]
  • Byssoloma maderense Breuss (2014)[19]
  • Byssoloma marginatum (Arnold) Sérus. (1992)
  • Byssoloma meadii (Tuck.) S.Ekman (1996)
  • Byssoloma melanodiscocarpum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[8] – China
  • Byssoloma microcarpum Kalb & Vězda (1994)[20]
  • Byssoloma multipunctatum Lücking (2008)[7]
  • Byssoloma murinum Vězda (1987)[21]
  • Byssoloma permutans (Nyl.) Lücking (2013)
  • Byssoloma rubrofuscum W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)[8] – China
  • Byssoloma rubromarginatum Messuti & de la Rosa (2007)[22]
  • Byssoloma spinulosum Sérus. (2011)[23]
  • Byssoloma sprucei (C.Bab. ex Müll.Arg.) Lücking & M.Cáceres (2008)[7]
  • Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P.James (1971)
  • Byssoloma subleucoblepharum G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)[24]
  • Byssoloma subundulatum (Stirt.) Vězda (1986)
  • Byssoloma tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. (1923)
  • Byssoloma vanderystii Sérus. (1979)[25] – Africa
  • Byssoloma xanthonicum Aptroot (2014)[26] – New Caledonia

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  2. ↑ Trevisan de Saint-Léon, V. (1853). Spighe e Paglie. Scritti Botanici Varj. 1. p. 6. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Cannon, P.; Orange, A.; Aptroot, A.; Sanderson, N.; Coppins, B.; Simkin, J. (2022). Lecanorales: Pilocarpaceae, including the genera Aquacidia, Byssoloma, Fellhanera, Fellhaneropsis, Leimonis and Micarea. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 27. p. 7. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Pilocarpaceae_0.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Byssoloma". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CCYGL. 
  5. ↑ Kalb, K.; Vězda, A. (1990). "Die Flechtengattung Byssoloma in der Neotropis (eine taxonomisch-phytogeographische Studie)". Nova Hedwigia 51 (3–4): 435–451. 
  6. ↑ Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M. (2018). "Ten new lichen species (Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology 82: 20–59. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lücking, Robert (2008). Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi. Flora Neotropica. 103. New York Botanical Garden Press. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Wang, Wei-Cheng; van den Boom, Pieter; Sangvichien, Ek; Wei, Jiang-Chun (2020). "A molecular study of the lichen genus Byssoloma Trevisan (Pilocarpaceae) with descriptions of three new species from China". The Lichenologist 52 (5): 387–396. doi:10.1017/s0024282920000390. 
  9. ↑ Schubert, R.; Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2003). "New species of foliicolous lichens from "La Amistad" Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica". Willdenowia 33 (2): 459–465. doi:10.3372/wi.33.33220. 
  10. ↑ CáCeres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva; Santos, Marlon Wendell Oliveira dos; Mendonça, Cléverton de Oliveira; Mota, Danyelle Andrade; Aptroot, André (2013). "New lichen species of the genera Porina and Byssoloma from an urban Atlantic rainforest patch in Sergipe, NE Brazil". The Lichenologist 45 (3): 379–382. doi:10.1017/S0024282913000054. 
  11. ↑ Farkas, Edit; Vězda, Antonín (1993). "Five new foliicolous lichen species". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 28 (3): 321–330. doi:10.1007/BF02853518. 
  12. ↑ Sérusiaux, E. (1998). "Deux nouvelles espèces de Byssoloma Trev. (lichens, Pilocarpaceae) d'Europe occidentale et de Macaronésie" (in la). Cryptogamie Bryologie Lichénologie 19: 197–209. 
  13. ↑ Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H. (1991). "New lichens and lichen records from New Guinea". Willdenowia 20: 221–256. 
  14. ↑ Lücking, Robert (2006). "Foliicolous lichens from French Guiana (northeastern South America)". Cryptogamie Mycologie 27 (2): 121–147. 
  15. ↑ Van den Boom, P.P.G. (2016). "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Azores (Portugal), collected on São Miguel and Terceira with the descriptions of seven new species". Acta Botanica Hungarica 58 (1–2): 199–222. doi:10.1556/034.58.2016.1-2.11. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lücking, R.; Kalb, K. (2000). "Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae)". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 122 (1): 25. 
  17. ↑ Breuss, O. (2013). "Byssoloma laurisilvae und Thelotrema lueckingii, zwei neue Flechtenarten aus Madeira" (in de). Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 22: 99–105. 
  18. ↑ Sérusiaux, E.; Gómez-Bolea, A.; Longán, A.; Lücking, R. (2002). "Byssoloma llimonae sp nov., from continental Spain, Madeira and the Canary Islands". The Lichenologist 34 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1006/lich.2002.0380. Bibcode: 2002ThLic..34..183S. 
  19. ↑ Breuss, O. (2014). "Weitere Flechtenfunde aus Madeira". Stapfia 101: 47–51. 
  20. ↑ Kalb, K.; Vězda, A. (1994). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliicolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder IV" (in de). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 45: 235–246. 
  21. ↑ Vězda, A. (1987). "Foliicole Flechten aus Zaire (III). Die Gattung Byssoloma Trevisan" (in de). Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 22 (1): 71–83. doi:10.1007/BF02853218. 
  22. ↑ Messuti, M.I.; de la Rosa, I.N. (2007). "Byssoloma rubromarginatum (Pilocarpaceae: Ascomycota), a new corticolous species from Nothofagus forests in Argentina". Mycological Progress 6 (4): 235–238. doi:10.1007/s11557-007-0542-0. Bibcode: 2007MycPr...6..235M. 
  23. ↑ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U. et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity". Phytotaxa 18 (1): 9–11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/p00018p127f.pdf. 
  24. ↑ Thor, G.; Lücking, R.; Matsumoto, T. (2000). "The foliicolous lichen flora of Japan". Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 32 (3): 31. 
  25. ↑ Sérusiaux, E. (1979). "Two new foliicolous lichens From tropical Africa". The Lichenologist 11 (2): 181–185. doi:10.1017/s0024282979000207. https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/174506/1/1979%20Lichenologist%2011%282%29.pdf. 
  26. ↑ Aptroot, André (2014). "Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species". The Bryologist 117 (3): 282–289. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.282. 
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Wikidata ☰ Q5004527 entry



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