Biology:C13orf16
 Generic protein structure example |
Chromosome 13 open reading frame 16 is a protein in homo sapiens encoded by the C13orf16 gene. There is one alias name, TEX29, for the high testis expression of this gene due to spermatogenesis.[1][2]
C13orf16 in Homo sapiens is located on the long arm of chromosome 13 at q34.[2] The spliced gene is 859 nucleotides, has 7 exons and is located on the plus strand.[1]
C13orf16 is ubiquitously expressed among human tissues, with significantly higher expression in brain tissues, specifically in the hippocampus and cerebellum.[1][3]
Protein
The human C13orf16 protein encoded by the mRNA sequence is 174 amino acids in length.[4] The molecular weight without post-transitional modifications is 18.4 KD[5] and the basal isoelectric point value is 4.99 pH.[6]
Human C13orf16 is localized both intracellularly, in the nucleus, and extracellularly with one transmembrane domain from amino acids 80-102.[4] There are no asparagines, resulting in no N-glycosylation sites.[5]
There are five interacting proteins for human C13orf16, all identified by physical interactions.[2][7][8]
| Abbreviated Name | Full Name | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
| PTS | 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase | Elimination of inorganic triphosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate
(2nd and irreversible step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP) |
| SLC16A2 | Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 2 | Non-redundant, thyroid hormone transporter |
| STEAP3 | STEAP Family Member 3, Metalloreductase | Iron transporter, can reduce both iron (Fe3+) and copper (Cu2+) cations |
| SLC4A7 | Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 7 | Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, transports sodium and bicarbonate ions in a 1:1 ratio, considered an electroneutral cotransporter |
| SLC6A15 | Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 15 | Neutral amino acid transporter, predicted to play a role in neuronal amino acid transport |
Homology and evolution
The C13orf16 protein was only found to have orthologs in placental mammals and most distantly found in the Proboscidea taxonomic group.[9] In the table below, orthologs are sorted first by estimated date of divergence, then by sequence identity to the human C13orf16 protein.[10]
| Genus & Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Group | Date of Divergence (MYA) | Accession Number[4] | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein | Sequence Similarity to Human Protein |
| Homo sapiens | Human | Primates | 0 | NP_001290062 | 174 | 100% | 100% |
| Nomascus leucogenys | Northern Gibbon | Primates | 19.5 | XP_012362426 | 173 | 91% | 94.80% |
| Macaca mulatta | Rhesus Macaque | Primates | 28.8 | XP_028693172 | 182 | 44.30% | 51.70% |
| Cebus imitator | White-faced Capuchin | Primates | 43 | XP_037585341 | 179 | 70.60% | 77.80% |
| Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii | Deer Mouse | Rodentia | 87 | XP_042118685 | 176 | 27.20% | 38.60% |
| Peromyscus leucopus | White-Footed Mouse | Rodentia | 87 | XP_037067483 | 176 | 26.70% | 38.60% |
| Oryctolagus cuniculus | European Rabbit | Lagomorpha | 87 | XP_051685630 | 143 | 25.80% | 30.80% |
| Phoca vitulina | Harbor Seal | Carnivora | 94 | XP_032258415 | 162 | 34% | 43.50% |
| Neofelis nebulosa | Clouded Leopard | Carnivora | 94 | XP_058598545 | 165 | 34.00% | 45.20% |
| Phacochoerus africanus | Warthog | Artiodactyla | 94 | XP_047612273 | 171 | 32.10% | 41.80% |
| Balaenoptera ricei | Rice's Whale | Artiodactyla | 94 | XP_059759229 | 147 | 29.30% | 36.40% |
| Hyaena hyaena | Striped Hyena | Carnivora | 94 | XP_039082615 | 151 | 29.00% | 39.40% |
| Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Giant Panda | Carnivora | 94 | XP_034521380 | 147 | 25% | 31.20% |
| Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko | East African Hippo | Artiodactyla | 94 | XP_057563793 | 147 | 23.70% | 34.30% |
| Artibeus jamaicensis | Jamacian Fruit Bat | Chiroptera | 94 | XP_036993559.2 | 149 | 21.70% | 30.40% |
| Vulpes lagopus | Arctic Fox | Carnivora | 94 | XP_041586767 | 178 | 21.7%% | 30.0%% |
| Equus caballus | Horse | Perissodactyla | 94 | XP_005601398 | 136 | 20.80% | 27.00% |
| Talpa occidentalis | Spanish Mole | Talpidae | 94 | XP_037383406 | 162 | 19.30% | 25.00% |
| Diceros bicornis minor | Black Rhino | Perissodactyla | 94 | XP_058403718 | 181 | 18.80% | 24% |
| Elephas maximus indicus | Indian Elephant | Proboscidea | 99 | XP_049723476 | 145 | 23.80% | 35.10% |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Home - Gene - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "GeneCards". https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TEX29.
- ↑ "AceView: Gene:C13orf16, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView.". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/IEB/Research/Acembly/av.cgi?db=human&term=c13orf16&submit=Go.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Home - Protein - NCBI". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "SAPS". https://www.ebi.ac.uk/jdispatcher/seqstats/saps.
- ↑ "PhosphoSitePlus". https://www.phosphosite.org/homeAction.action.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "GeneMANIA". https://genemania.org/search/homo-sapiens/c13orf16/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "TEX29 Result Summary | BioGRID". https://thebiogrid.org/125748/summary/homo-sapiens/tex29.html.
- ↑ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query". https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PAGE=Proteins.
- ↑ "TimeTree :: The Timescale of Life" (in en). https://timetree.org/.
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