Biology:CGB5

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB5 gene.

Function

This gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 5 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers consisting of a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit which confers biological specificity. CG is produced by the trophoblastic cells of the placenta and stimulates the ovaries to synthesize the steroids that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. The beta subunit of CG is encoded by 6 genes which are arranged in tandem and inverted pairs on chromosome 19q13.3 and contiguous with the luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

Further reading

• Lustbader, J. W.; Birken, S; Pileggi, N. F.; Kolks, M. A.; Pollak, S; Cuff, M. E.; Yang, W; Hendrickson, W. A. et al. (1989). "Crystallization and characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin in chemically deglycosylated and enzymatically desialylated states". Biochemistry 28 (24): 9239–43. doi:10.1021/bi00450a001. PMID 2611225. 
• Ghosh, D; Ezashi, T; Ostrowski, M. C.; Roberts, R. M. (2003). "A central role for Ets-2 in the transcriptional regulation and cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate responsiveness of the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit gene". Molecular Endocrinology 17 (1): 11–26. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0223. PMID 12511603. 
• Couvelard, A; Paraf, F; Vidaud, D; Dubois, S; Vidaud, M; Fléjou, J. F.; Degott, C (2004). "Human chorionic gonadotrophin beta expression in malignant Barrett's oesophagus". Virchows Archiv 445 (3): 279–84. doi:10.1007/s00428-004-1078-1. PMID 15309632. 
• Kuorelahti, A; Rulli, S; Huhtaniemi, I; Poutanen, M (2007). "Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) up-regulates wnt5b and wnt7b in the mammary gland, and hCGbeta transgenic female mice present with mammary Gland tumors exhibiting characteristics of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation". Endocrinology 148 (8): 3694–703. doi:10.1210/en.2007-0249. PMID 17510243. 
• Dominguez-Lopez, P; Diaz-Cueto, L; Ulloa-Aguirre, A; Lopez-Valle, M. A.; Arechavaleta-Velasco, F (2008). "No evidence of the human chorionic gonadotropin-beta gene 5 betaV79M polymorphism in Mexican women". Endocrine 34 (1–3): 117–20. doi:10.1007/s12020-008-9103-9. PMID 19002615. 
• Chen, Y; Miyazaki, J; Nishizawa, H; Kurahashi, H; Leach, R; Wang, K (2013). "MTA3 regulates CGB5 and Snail genes in trophoblast". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 433 (4): 379–84. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.102. PMID 23510993. 
• Hanna, C. W.; Bretherick, K. L.; Liu, C. C.; Stephenson, M. D.; Robinson, W. P. (2010). "Genetic variation within the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis in women with recurrent miscarriage". Human Reproduction 25 (10): 2664–71. doi:10.1093/humrep/deq211. PMID 20716560. 
• Eskild, A; Fedorcsak, P; Mørkrid, L; Tanbo, T. G. (2012). "Maternal body mass index and serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin in very early pregnancy". Fertility and Sterility 98 (4): 905–10. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.011. PMID 22769733. 
• Tegoni, M; Spinelli, S; Verhoeyen, M; Davis, P; Cambillau, C (1999). "Crystal structure of a ternary complex between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and two Fv fragments specific for the alpha and beta-subunits". Journal of Molecular Biology 289 (5): 1375–85. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2845. PMID 10373373. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.