Biology:Calsyntenin
| Calsyntenin | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CLSTN |
| InterPro | IPR026914 |
| Membranome | 241 |
Calsyntenins (Csts, CLSTN) are type I transmembrane proteins that belong to the cadherin superfamily. Their name comes from their ability to bind calcium. In birds and mammals, they consist of three family members (Cst1, 2 and 3),[1][2] in nematodes one ortholog (CASY-1, originally CDH11) is known.[3]
Cst1 (CLSTN1) was first shown to be predominantly expressed in postsynaptic membranes of excitatory neurons,[1] Cst2 and 3 were found in an increased manner in inhibitory GABAergic neurons,[2] in adult and embryonic tissue. Calsyntenins interact with numerous proteins such as with kinesin-1 and the APP-linker protein X11L/Mint2,[4][5] and were shown to have multi-purpose functions both within and outside the nervous system.[3][4][5][6]
Shortly after the calsyntenins were discovered, they were found to regulate postsynaptic calcium concentration.[1] Later it was found that another key-function is to link vesicles to kinesin light chain (KLC) and thus to co-determine transport of distinct cargo.[4][7] Recent studies identified a role for calsyntenin 1 in the regulation of vesicular trafficking of guidance receptors in dI1 axons at choice points.[8] In cooperation with RabGDI (Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor), calsyntenin 1 shuttles Rab11-positive vesicles containing Robo1 to the growth cone surface in a precisely regulated manner. By contrast, calsyntenin 1-mediated trafficking of frizzled 3, a guidance receptor in the Wnt pathway, is independent of RabGDI. Calsyntenin gene expression also elevates during oxidative stress in PC12 cells[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Calsyntenin-1, a proteolytically processed postsynaptic membrane protein with a cytoplasmic calcium-binding domain". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17 (1): 151–66. January 2001. doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0937. PMID 11161476.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "The calsyntenins--a family of postsynaptic membrane proteins with distinct neuronal expression patterns". Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 21 (3): 393–409. November 2002. doi:10.1006/mcne.2002.1181. PMID 12498782.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CASY-1, an ortholog of calsyntenins/alcadeins, is essential for learning in Caenorhabditis elegans". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (13): 5260–5. April 2008. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711894105. PMID 18381821. Bibcode: 2008PNAS..105.5260I.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Calsyntenin-1 docks vesicular cargo to kinesin-1". Mol. Biol. Cell 17 (8): 3651–63. August 2006. doi:10.1091/mbc.E06-02-0112. PMID 16760430. PMC 1525238. http://www.zora.uzh.ch/1134/1/KonecnaSonderegger2006V.pdf.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Calsyntenins are secretory granule proteins in anterior pituitary gland and pancreatic islet alpha cells". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 56 (4): 381–8. April 2008. doi:10.1369/jhc.7A7351.2007. PMID 18158283.
- ↑ "Calsyntenins mediate TGN exit of APP in a kinesin-1-dependent manner". Traffic 10 (5): 572–89. May 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00886.x. PMID 19192245. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/18250/2/Ludwig_et_al_2009V.pdf.
- ↑ "Molecular characterization of a trafficking organelle: dissecting the axonal paths of calsyntenin-1 transport vesicles". Proteomics 10 (21): 3775–88. November 2010. doi:10.1002/pmic.201000384. PMID 20925061.
- ↑ Alther TA, Domanitskaya E, Stoeckli ET. Calsyntenin 1-mediated trafficking of axon guidance receptors regulates the switch in axonal responsiveness at a choice point. Development. 2016 Mar 15;143(6):994-1004. | doi: 10.1242/dev.127449. Epub 2016 Feb 2 }
- ↑ Aravind, P.; Bulbule, Sarojini R.; Hemalatha, N.; Babu, R.L.; Devaraju, K.S. (2019). "Elevation of gene expression of calcineurin, calmodulin and calsyntenin in oxidative stress induced PC12 cells". Genes & Diseases 8 (1): 87–93. doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.001. PMID 33569517.
External links
- "The calsyntenin family of postsynaptic membrane proteins". Universität Zürich. https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/124595/.
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