Biology:Catapyrenium

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Catapyrenium is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae.[1] These small lichens grow as clusters of tiny scales ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] that lie flat against rocks and soil, often in dry or disturbed habitats. The genus includes about 18 species found worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where they help stabilize soil surfaces.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the German botanist Julius von Flotow in 1850. He assigned Catapyrenium cinereum as the type species.[2]

Description

Catapyrenium species form a low, scale-like lichen body (thallus) composed of numerous minute lobes ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) that hug the rock or soil surface. Each squamule is anchored by a felt of fine, root-like fungal threads (rhizoidal hyphae) that may be colourless or tinged brown. The upper skin ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is thin—about 10–30 micrometres (μm)—and uneven, merging almost imperceptibly with the underlying green-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. This cortex is built from tiny, angular fungal cells only 5–8 μm across. A distinct lower cortex is variably developed: in some species it comprises similar small cells, while in others it is absent and the hyphae blend directly into the substrate. The photosynthetic partner is a unicellular green alga of the genus Diplosphaera (class Trebouxiophyceae).[3]

Reproduction takes place in tiny, flask-shaped fruiting bodies (perithecia) that are buried within the thallus. Unlike many relatives, Catapyrenium lacks an [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—the outer dark cap that often overarches perithecia—so the perithecial wall ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) alone forms the enclosure. This wall consists of elongated cells arranged parallel to the surface and is typically darkened around the pore (ostiole) where spores are released, while the lower portion remains pale to slightly dark. Inside, only short ostiolar threads ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) are present; the longer sterile filaments (paraphyses) found in many lichen fungi are absent. Each club-shaped ascus contains eight colourless, single-celled ascospores that line up in two rows ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) and are broadly ellipsoidal to ovoid-club-shaped. No specialised asexual structures (conidiomata) have been observed, and chemical screening with thin-layer chromatography has yet to reveal any secondary metabolites.[3]

Species

  • Catapyrenium adami-borosi (Szatala) Breuss (1987)
  • Catapyrenium boccanum (Servít) Breuss (1990)
  • Catapyrenium chilense (Räsänen) Breuss (1993)
  • Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körb. (1855)
  • Catapyrenium dactylinum Breuss (2000)[4]
  • Catapyrenium daedaleum (Körb.) Stein (1879)
  • Catapyrenium fuscatum (Szatala) S.Y.Kondr. (2002)
  • Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R.Sant. (1980)
  • Catapyrenium lambii (Oxner) Kudratov (2002)
  • Catapyrenium michelii (A.Massal.) R.Sant. (1980)
  • Catapyrenium oxneri (Akramova) Kudratov (2002)
  • Catapyrenium pamiricum (N.S.Golubk.) Kudratov (2002)
  • Catapyrenium pilosellum Breuss (1990)[5]
  • Catapyrenium psoromoides (Borrer) R.Sant. (1980)
  • Catapyrenium rufescens (Ach.) Breuss (1985)
  • Catapyrenium simulans Breuss (2002)
  • Catapyrenium squamellum (Nyl. ex Hasse) J.W.Thomson (1987)
  • Catapyrenium squamulosum (Ach.) Breuss (1985)

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332. 
  2. ↑ Flotow, J. (1850). "Mikroskopische Flechtenstudien" (in de). Botanische Zeitung 8: 361–369. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33805955. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Orange, A.; Cannon, P.; Prieto, M.; Coppins, B.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2023). Verrucariales: Verrucariaceae, including the genera Agonimia, Atla, Bagliettoa, Catapyrenium, Dermatocarpon, Endocarpon, Henrica, Heteroplacidium, Hydropunctaria, Involucropyrenium, Merismatium, Nesothele, Normandina, Parabagliettoa, Placidopsis, Placidium, Placopyrenium, Polyblastia, Psoroglaena, Sporodictyon, Staurothele, Thelidium, Trimmatothele, Verrucaria, Verrucula, Verruculopsis and Wahlenbergiella. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 31. British Lichen Society. pp. 24–25. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Verrucariaceae_1.pdf. open access
  4. ↑ Breuss, O. (2000). "A peculiar new Catapyrenium species (lichenized Ascomycetes, Verrucariaceae) from Mexico". Linzer Biologische Beiträge 32 (2): 1053–1055. 
  5. ↑ Breuss, O. (1990). "Die Flechtengattung Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae)" (in de). Stapfia 23: 98. https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/STAPFIA_0023_0001-0153.pdf. 
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Wikidata ☰ Q5051455 entry



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