Biology:Chlamyphoridae

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Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos, there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could be paraphyletic based on morphological evidence.[1][2][3][4] In 2016, an analysis of Doedicurus mtDNA found it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae and Tolypeutinae.[5][6] For this reason, all extant armadillos but Dasypus were relocated to a new family. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek χλαμύς (khlamús), meaning "cloak", and φόρος (phóros), "bearing".

Classification

Below is a taxonomy of the extant species of armadillos in this family.

Family Chlamyphoridae

Phylogeny

Chlamyphoridae, like Dasypodidae, is a basal clade within Cingulata, as shown below.

Cingulata cladogram[5][7][8]
Cingulata
Chlamyphoridae
Euphractinae
 
Euphractus
 

E. sexcinctus

 
 
 
 
Zaedyus
 

Z. pichiy

 
 
Chaetophractus
 

C. villosus

 
 
 

C. nationi

 
 

C. vellerosus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
†Glyptodontinae
 
†Doedicurus

†D. clavicaudatus

 
 
 

†(31 other extinct genera)

 
 
 
 
Chlamyphorinae
 

Chlamyphorus truncatus

 
 

Calyptophractus retusus

 
 
Tolypeutinae
 
Priodontes

P. maximus

 
 
 
Tolypeutes
 

T. tricinctus

 
 

T. matacus

 
 
Cabassous
 
 

C. tatouay

 
 
 
 

C. chacoensis

 
 
 

C. centralis

 
 

C. unicinctus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dasypodidae
 
 
Dasypus

(7 living species)

 
 
 

†(26 extinct genera)

 
 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Simpson, G. G. (1945). The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. History., 85.
  2. ↑ Grassé, P. P. (1955). "Ordre des édentés". Traité de zoologie 17 (2): 1182–1246. 
  3. ↑ Engelmann, G. F. (1985). The phylogeny of the Xenarthra. The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 51-64.
  4. ↑ Wible, J. R. (2006). 6 The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Armadillos (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata): A Craniodental Analysis. Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles: University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 153-198.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Delsuc, F.; Gibb, G. C.; Kuch, M.; Billet, G.; Hautier, L.; Southon, J.; Rouillard, J.-M.; Fernicola, J. C. et al. (2016-02-22). "The phylogenetic affinities of the extinct glyptodonts". Current Biology 26 (4): R155–R156. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.039. PMID 26906483. Bibcode: 2016CBio...26.R155D. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01879335. 
  6. ↑ Gillian C. Gibb; Fabien L. Condamine; Melanie Kuch; Jacob Enk; Nadia Moraes-Barros; Mariella Superina; Hendrik N. Poinar; Frédéric Delsuc (2016). "Shotgun Mitogenomics Provides a Reference Phylogenetic Framework and Timescale for Living Xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMID 26556496. 
  7. ↑ Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLOS Biol 17 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494. PMID 31800571. 
  8. ↑ Gibb, Gillian C.; Condamine, Fabien L.; Kuch, Melanie; Enk, Jacob; Moraes-Barros, Nadia; Superina, Mariella; Poinar, Hendrik N.; Delsuc, Frédéric (2015). "Shotgun mitogenomics provides a reference phylogenetic framework and timescale for living xenarthrans". Molecular Biology and Evolution 33 (3): 621–642. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv250. PMID 26556496. 

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