Biology:Cocoseae
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Cocoseae is a tribe of cocosoid palms of the family Arecaceae.[1][2]
Description
The fruit of the Cocoseae is a modified drupe, with a sclerenchymatous epicarp and a highly developed mesocarp, formed mainly by parenchyma . The endocarp is generally sclerenchymatous and protects the seeds from predation and drying. The most obvious synapomorphy of the species of this tribe is the presence, in the endocarp, of three or more "eyes" or pores of germination.[3] According to Thomas C. Whitmore all Cocosoid palms have inflorescences in which the flowers are in triads (sets of three flowers).[4]
Distribution
The Cocoseae are distributed mainly in the Neotropical regions, with two genera endemic to Africa (Jubaeopsis and Elaeis) and Madagascar (Beccariophoenix and Voanioala), respectively.
Phylogeny
A 2016 molecular phylogenomic analysis of the tribe Cocoseae gives the following phylogenetic tree:[5]
| Cocoseae |
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Systematics
The Cocoseae in the sense of Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives (monophylum) in most studies. Their systematic position within the Arecoideae is still unclear. Different studies see them as a sister group of the Reinhardtieae, as a sister group of the group from Reinhardtieae and Roystoneeae, or as a sister group of the Oranieae.[citation needed]
The tribe is divided into three subtribes. All three are monophyletic. Bactridinae and Elaeidinae are sister groups[citation needed]
Genera
| Subtribe | Image | Genus | Extant species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beccariophoenicinae J.Dransf. & Uhl | 175px | Beccariophoenix Jum. & H.Perrier |
|
| Butiinae Saakov | 175px | Allagoptera Nees |
|
| 175px | Butia (Becc.) Becc (Jelly palms) |
| |
| 175px | Jubaea Kunth |
| |
| 175px | Jubaeopsis Becc. |
| |
| 175px | Cocos L. |
| |
| 175px | Syagrus Mart. |
56 species:
| |
| 175px | Parajubaea Burret |
| |
| Voanioala J. Dransf. |
| ||
| Attaleinae Drude | 175px | Attalea Kunth | |
| Elaeidinae Hook.f. | Barcella (Trail) Trail ex Drude |
| |
| 175px | Elaeis Jacq. |
| |
| Bactridinae Drude | 175px | Acrocomia Mart. |
|
| 175px | Aiphanes Willd. |
29 species:
| |
| 175px | Astrocaryum G.Mey. |
36 species:
| |
| 175px | Bactris Jacq. ex Scop. |
78 species:
| |
| 175px | Desmoncus (Trail) Trail ex Drude |
24 species:
|
References
- ↑ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics" (in en). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
- ↑ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
- ↑ "The Phylogeny of the Cocoeae (Arecaceae) with Emphasis on Cocos nucifera". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 91 (3): 505–522. Feb 2004. ISSN 0026-6493.
- ↑ Heywood Ph.D., Prof. V.H. (1978). Flowering Plants of the World. New York: Mayflower Books. p. 303. ISBN 0-8317-3400-0.
- ↑ Gunn, Bee Fong (2016). Phylogenomics of the coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Australian National University (PhD thesis). https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstreams/98d7d3c7-600e-4ead-963e-337362a11b0e/download.
- ↑ Canteiro, C. (2021). "Acrocomia totai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T111452251A161420865.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/111452251/161420865. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
External links
Data related to Cocoseae at Wikispecies
Template:Arecaceae genera Wikidata ☰ Q147190 entry
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