Biology:Copiapoa
| Copiapoa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Copiapoa humilis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Tribe: | Notocacteae |
| Genus: | Copiapoa Britton & Rose |
| Type species | |
| Copiapoa marginata | |
Copiapoa is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, from the dry coastal deserts, particularly the Atacama Desert, of northern Chile .
Description
It comprises 32 morphologically defined species and 5 heterotypic subspecies.[1] The species in the genus Copiapoa forms dense cushions of hundreds of large individual plants or produce only solitary plants. The shoots are spherical or elongated-cylindrical. The spines, which are usually present, are variably shaped. On the apex, the species are usually densely woolly-haired. The ribs are clearly developed. These species vary in form from spherical to slightly columnar and in color from a brownish to blue-green body. They have warty ribs and spiny areoles, and they usually produce tubular yellow flowers which grow from woolly crowns on the apex in summer. They are bell- to funnel-shaped and open during the day. The short, circular pericarp is glabrous. The flower tube is short and broad. The small, smooth fruits contain large, shiny black seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Some authorities also include here the genus Blossfeldia.
Species
Species of the genus Copiapoa according to Plants of the World Online (As of January 2023)[3] separated according to sections.[4][5]
| Subgenus | Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilocopiapoa (F.Ritter) Doweld—Ritter |  |
Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) |
 |
Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon | Chile (Atacama) | |
| Unplaced |  |
Copiapoa laui Diers | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) |
| Mammillopoa Helmut Walter & Larridon |  |
Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison | Chile (Antofagasta). |
| Copiapoa sect. Cinerei | Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (W. & SW. Antofagasta). | |
 |
Copiapoa gigantea Backeb. | Chile (Antofagasta to N. Atacama) | |
 |
Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
| Copiapoa sect. Copiapoa | Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
| Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | ||
 |
Copiapoa atacamensis Middled. | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
 |
Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | |
 |
Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
| Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles | Chile (Antofagasta to Atacama) | ||
| Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | ||
 |
Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama) | |
 |
Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
 |
Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Atacama). | |
| Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | ||
| Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama) | ||
 |
Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter | Chile. | |
 |
Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Atacama to NW. Coquimbo) | |
 |
Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama). | |
 |
Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
 |
Copiapoa montana F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofagasta) | |
 |
Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter | Chile (Antofagasta). | |
 |
Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter | Chile (SW. Antofaga to NW. Atacama). | |
 |
Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser | Chile (SW. Antofagasta). | |
| Echinopoa Doweld |  |
Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & Rose | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to Coquimbo) |
| Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama) | ||
 |
Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose | Chile (Atacama to NW. Coquimbo). | |
| Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb. | Chile (SW. Antofagasta to NW. Coquimbo) | ||
| Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). | ||
| Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. | Chile (Atacama) | ||
| Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter | Chile (Coquimbo) | ||
| Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim | Chile (Atacama). |
See also
- Copiapó (the largest city of the Atacama region)
- Pan de Azúcar National Park
References
- ↑ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter et al. (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity of Copiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. PMID 26373974.
- ↑ Brickell, Christopher, ed (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 302. ISBN 9781405332965.
- ↑ "Copiapoa Britton & Rose - Plants of the World Online". 2022-07-04. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:297105-2.
- ↑ Larridon, Isabel; Walter, Helmut E.; Guerrero, Pablo C.; Duarte, Milén; Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Hernández, Carol Peña; Bauters, Kenneth; Asselman, Pieter et al. (2015). "An integrative approach to understanding the evolution and diversity ofCopiapoa(Cactaceae), a threatened endemic Chilean genus from the Atacama Desert". American Journal of Botany (Wiley) 102 (9): 1506–1520. doi:10.3732/ajb.1500168. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 26373974.
- ↑ Kattermann, F (2018). "Molecular Study of the Genus Copiapoa (Cactaceae) Part I". Cactus and Succulent Journal 90 (94): 284–294. doi:10.2985/015.090.0408.
External links
- From Caldera to Copiapo, a collection of images of various species
- Cactuspedia Copiapoa
- CactiGuide Copiapoa
Wikidata ☰ Q133866 entry
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