Biology:Plains coreopsis
| Plains coreopsis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Coreopsis |
| Species: | C. tinctoria
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| Binomial name | |
| Coreopsis tinctoria | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Plains coreopsis, garden tickseed,[2] golden tickseed,[3] or calliopsis, Coreopsis tinctoria, is an annual forb. The plant is common in Canada (from Quebec to British Columbia), northeast Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas), and much of the United States , especially the Great Plains and Southern states where it is often called "calliopsis".[4][5] The species is also widely cultivated and naturalized in China .[6]
It often grows in disturbed areas such as roadsides and cultivated fields.[7]
Description
_and_plains_coreopsis_(Coreopsis_tinctoria),_Attwater_Prairie_Chicken_National_Wildlife_Refuge.jpg)
Growing quickly, Coreopsis tinctoria attains heights of 30–100 cm (12–40 in). Its leaves are pinnately-divided, glabrous and tend to thin at the top of the plant where numerous 25–40 mm (1–1 1⁄2 in) flower heads sit atop slender stems.[8]
Flower heads are brilliant yellow with maroon or brown disc florets of various sizes. Flowering typically occurs in mid-summer. The small, slender seeds germinate in fall (overwintering as a low rosette) or early spring.[8] Ray florets have notched tips. Its native habitats include prairie, plains, meadows, pastures, savannas, roadsides, and pond banks.[9] The Latin specific epithet tinctoria refers to its use in dyeing.[10]
Ecology
Coreopsis tinctoria is pollinated by a wide variety of insects, including long-tongued bees, short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies and beetles. Coreopsis tinctoria serves as a larval host plant for various insects, such as Synchlora aerata, Tornos scolopacinarius and Calligrapha californica.[11]
Uses
The Zuni people traditionally use the blossoms of the tinctoria variety to make a mahogany red dye for yarn,[12] and, until the introduction of coffee by traders, to make a hot beverage.[13] Women also used an infusion of the whole plant of this variety, except for the root, if they desired a female child.[14]
Cultivation
Plains coreopsis is cultivated as an ornamental plant for gardens, and as a native plant for wildlife gardens and natural landscaping. It grows well in many types of soil, but seems to prefer sandy or well-drained loam soils.[15] Although somewhat drought-tolerant, naturally growing plants are usually found in areas with regular rainfall. Preferring full sun, it will also grow in partial shade.[16] Though plains coreopsis is often described as an annual some plants will behave more like biannuals growing larger and blooming more in their second year.[15]
- Cultivars
Because of its easy growing habits and the bright, showy flowers of cultivars such as 'Roulette' (tiger stripes of gold on a deep mahogany ground), plains coreopsis is increasingly used for landscape beautification and in flower gardens.[16]
References
- ↑ The Plant List, Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
- ↑ (xls) BSBI List 2007, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, https://bsbi.org/download/3542/, retrieved 2014-10-17
- ↑ "Coreopsis tinctoria". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=COTI3. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ↑ A biosystematic study of Coreopsis tinctoria and C. cardaminefolia (Compositae). Edwin B. Smith and Hampton M. Parker, Brittonia, Volume 23, Number 2, pages 161-170, doi:10.2307/2805432
- ↑ Flora of China, 两色金鸡菊 liang se jin ji ju Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall
- ↑ Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN:0-89672-614-2
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Flora of North America, Coreopsis tinctoria Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 2: 114. 1821.
- ↑ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=coti3.
- ↑ "Coreopsis tinctoria - Plant Finder". https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277179&isprofile=0&.
- ↑ "Plains Coreopsis". http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/pl_coreopsis.htm.
- ↑ Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p.80)
- ↑ Stevenson, p.66
- ↑ Stevenson, p.84
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the plains : wild flowers of the Great Plains grasslands and hills. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Pink, A. (2004). Gardening for the Million. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11892.
External links
- United States Department of Agriculture Plant Conservation Service: Coreopsis tinctoria
- Oklahoma State University, Forest & Pasture Management
Wikidata ☰ Q2631259 entry
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