Biology:Corynebacterium urealyticum
| Corynebacterium urealyticum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Mycobacteriales |
| Family: | Corynebacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Corynebacterium |
| Species: | C. urealyticum
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| Binomial name | |
| Corynebacterium urealyticum Pitcher et al. 1992[1]
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Corynebacterium urealyticum is a of gram-positive bacteria from the genus Corynebacterium. It is an opportunistic pathogen linked to urinary tract infections.
Microbiology
Corynebacterium urealyticum is a slow growing, lipophilic, asaccharolytic Gram-positive rod.[2] Similar to other Corynebacterium, it is catalase positive and non-motile. C. urealyticum, as the name implies, secretes the enzyme urease which can be strong enough to make urine alkaline.
Pathogenesis
Corynebacterium urealyticum is known to colonize humans, especially those receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. The species can adhere to uroepithelial cells. C. urealyticum utilizes a pilus to covalently attach itself to host tissues.[3]
Clinical significance
Corynebacterium urealyticum is known to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). C. urealyticum infection can lead to the formation of struvite calculi or renal stones. Risk factors associated with this bacterium include immunosuppression, underlying genitourinary disorders, and antibiotic therapy. There are other urease-producing corynebacteria that are associated with urinary tract infections, but C. urealyticum is the most common.[4]
The most common form of UTI caused by C. urealyticum is acute cystitis.[2]
Antibiotics
Corynebacterium urealyticum is historically susceptible to fluoroquinolones; however, resistance to this class of antibiotic is increasing.[2] A 12 year retrospective study performed in 2020 reported >90% of C. urealyticum isolates to be multi-drug resistant.[5] Notably, all the isolates used in the study were susceptible to vancomycin. Rifampicin and linezolid also showed lower resistance.
References
- ↑ Pitcher, D.; Soto, A.; Soriano, F.; Valero-Guillen, P. (1 January 1992). "Classification of Coryneform Bacteria Associated with Human Urinary Tract Infection (Group D2) as Corynebacterium urealyticum sp. nov.". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 42 (1): 178–181. doi:10.1099/00207713-42-1-178. PMID 1736965.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Soriano, F.; Tauch, A. (2008). "Microbiological and clinical features of Corynebacterium urealyticum: urinary tract stones and genomics as the Rosetta Stone". Clinical Microbiology and Infection 14 (7): 632–643. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02023.x. ISSN 1198-743X. PMID 18558935. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1198743X1462156X.
- ↑ Tauch, Andreas; Trost, Eva; Tilker, Alexandra; Ludewig, Ulrike; Schneiker, Susanne; Goesmann, Alexander; Arnold, Walter; Bekel, Thomas et al. (2008-08-31). "The lifestyle of Corynebacterium urealyticum derived from its complete genome sequence established by pyrosequencing". Journal of Biotechnology 136 (1-2): 11–21. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.02.009. ISSN 0168-1656. PMID 18367281. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18367281.
- ↑ Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S.; Pfaller, Michael A. (2013). Medical Microbiology (7th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-08692-9.
- ↑ Chapartegui-González, Itziar; Fernández-Martínez, Marta; Rodríguez-Fernández, Ana; Rocha, Danilo J. P.; Aguiar, Eric R. G. R.; Pacheco, Luis G. C.; Ramos-Vivas, José; Calvo, Jorge et al. (2020-07-13). "Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms of Corynebacterium urealyticum Clinical Isolates". Antibiotics 9 (7): 404. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9070404. ISSN 2079-6382. PMID 32668585.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q3694964 entry
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