Biology:Coscinia cribraria
| Speckled footman | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | Coscinia |
| Species: | C. cribraria
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| Binomial name | |
| Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758)
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| Synonyms | |
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Coscinia cribraria, the speckled footman, is a species of moth belonging to the subfamily Arctiinae within the large family Erebidae. This moth has a widespread distribution in the Palearctic.
Taxonomy
Coscinia cribraria was first described as Phalaena (Bombyx) cribraria by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.[1] Linnaeus's P. cribraria was designated as the type species of the genus Coscinia by George Hampson in 1901, the genus having been proposed by Jacob Hübner in 1819.[2] This is a polytypic species with a number of described subspecies. For example in the United Kingdom there is an endemic subspecies C. c. bivittata occurs in Dorset ad the New Forest while a migrant subspecies from continental Europe C. c. arenaria occurs as a scarce migrant in eastern England.[3] Other taxa from Iberia, such as Coscinia benderi , C. c. rippertii and C. c. ibicenca have also been shown to be subspecies of C. ccribaria, having previously been regarded as separate species.[4] The genus Coscinia is placed within the subtribe Callimorphina within the tribe Arctiini in the subfamily Arctiinae, part of the large family Erebidae.[5]
Description
Coscinia cribraria has a forewing which has a background colour of dirty white marked with black streaks along the wings and crossbands made up of dark dots, both of which vary in extent. The subspecies arenaria has an almost pure white forewing.[6] The speckled footman has a wingspan of between 30 and 35 mm (1.2 and 1.4 in).[7]
Distribution and habitat
Coscinia cribraria has a wide Palearctic distribution being found from Northwestern Africa Iberia and southern Great Britain east to China and Mongolia.[1] In Europe, north of the Alps, the speckled footman is typically found on sandy heaths and open sandy pine forests. To the south of the Alps, it inhabits on dry mountain meadows with stony or rocky areas and around the Mediterranean this species can be found in habitats like maquis and in open forests.[8]
Biology
Coscinia cribraria feeds on a wide variety of plants and caterpillars have been recorded feeding on bristle beny (Agrostis curtisii), bell heather (Erica cinerea), cross-leaved heath (Erica tetralix), ling (Calluna vulgaris) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). However, like other footman moths, the lichens in the genus Cladonia are an important component of the habitat and larval diet of the speckled footman. In southern England the eggs are laid in June, mainly on ling and bristle bent with a few females being observed to oviposit during daylight hours. The eggs are laid high up on the stems of the plants. The caterpillars overwinter as larvae[3] and pupate in the June following their hatching, creating rather flimsy cocoons among grass and heather.[9] At altitudes of less than 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in this species' range south of the Alps the speckled footman is bivoltine with imagos on the wing in May and June, as well as August and September.[8]
Conservation
Coscinia cribaria is common in the southern part ofits range but in northern Europe it is vulnerable to the destruction of the open sandy heaths it prefers.[8] In the United Kingdom it is classified as nationally rare meaning that it has been recorded from fewer than 15, or fewer, hectads.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Phalaena (Bombyx) cribraria Linnaeus, 1758". https://www.gbif.org/species/9054165.
- ↑ "Coscinia Hübner, 1819". https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0580B3F9F2A1C31FF50613478363A4A/5.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Durwyn Liley; Tony Davis; Andy Page et al. (2024). "An upturn in the fortunes for the Speckled Footman in Britain". British Wildlife 35 (5): 319–327.
- ↑ Macià, Ramon; Mally, Richard; Ylla, Josep; Gastón, Javier; Huertas, Manuel (2019). "Integrative revision of the Iberian species of Coscinia Hübner, [1819] sensu lato and Spiris Hübner, [1819], (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae)". Zootaxa 4615 (3): 401–449. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4615.3.1. PMID 31716329.
- ↑ Dacosta, M.A.; Weller, S.J. (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of Callimorphini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae)". Zootaxa 1025: 1–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1025.1.1.
- ↑ Michael Chinery (1989). David Attenborough. ed. Butterflies and Day Flying Moths of Britain and Europe. Collins New Generation Guide. William Collins & Sons Ltd. pp. 188–189. ISBN 0-00219785-5.
- ↑ "72.032 BF2053 Speckled Footman Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758)". UK Moths. https://ukmoths.org.uk/species/coscinia-cribraria/.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758)". Wolfgang Wagner. http://www.pyrgus.de/Coscinia_cribraria_en.html.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Speckled Footman Coscinia cribraria". https://dorsetmoths.co.uk/index.php?bf=20530&\c=y.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q237571 entry
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