Biology:Cybister

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Short description: Genus of beetles

Cybister
Cybister fimbriolatus UMFS 3.jpg
Cybister fimbriolatus
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Dytiscidae
Subfamily: Cybistrinae
Tribe: Cybistrini
Genus: Cybister
Curtis, 1827
Cybister lateralimarginalis
Comparison of Cybister and Dytiscus larvae

Cybister ('kybistētēr' = diver, tumbler), is a genus of beetle in family Dytiscidae. They are found in much of the world, including all continents except Antarctica.[1][2] As of 2021 there are 96 species and 9 additional subspecies among four subgenera in the genus.[3]

Description

Adult Cybister have broad hind legs with unequal tarsal claws (the inner claw being smaller and sometimes absent) and a fringe on the outer margin of the tarsus.[4] They range in length from 13 mm (C. parvus from Brazil ) to 43 mm (C. bimaculatus from the Afrotropics).[5] Adult males of the North American species have several ridges on the coxae of the hind legs, forming a stridulatory device.[5]

Larvae have a frontal tooth on the head and lack cerci. North American species can grow up to 80 mm long.[4]

Ecology

Cybister live in lentic (still fresh water) habitats that have vegetation.[6]

Like other diving beetles, Cybister are predatory. Larvae of C. japonicus prey on insects (mainly Odonata nymphs and the backswimmer Notonecta triguttata) in their first two instars, while third-instar larvae prey on vertebrates (tadpoles and fish).[7] Larvae of C. rugosus feed on both invertebrates and vertebrates in all instars.[8]

Importance

Cybister chinensis (sometimes misidentified as C. japonicus) is used in a game in Korea. The water beetle game (mul bang gae nori) is played in an oval, water-filled tank with vertical flanges along its inner edge and prizes on the tank rim. The game is played by dropping a C. chinensis through a funnel into the center of the tank, after which it swims towards the edge of the tank and stops in one of the slots formed by the metal flanges. If a prize is above this slot, the player wins it.[9]

The swimming behaviour of C. lateralimarginalis has inspired (biomimetics) the design of a legged underwater robot.[10]

List of species

Subgenus Cybister Curtis, 1827

  • Cybister alluaudi Guignot, 1936
  • Cybister bengalensis Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister buqueti Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister cardoni Severin, 1890
  • Cybister celebensis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister cephalotes Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister chinensis Motschulsky, 1854
  • Cybister cinctus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister cognatus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister concessor Guignot, 1947
  • Cybister confusus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister crassipes Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister crassiusculus Régimbart, 1895
  • Cybister dejeanii Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister dytiscoides Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister ellipticus LeConte, 1852
  • Cybister explanatus LeConte, 1852
  • Cybister extenuans (Walker, 1858)
  • Cybister favareli Guignot, 1936
  • Cybister fimbriolatus (Say, 1823)
  • Cybister fumatus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister godeffroyi (Wehncke, 1876)
  • Cybister gracilis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister gschwendtneri Guignot, 1935
  • Cybister guerini Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister guignoti Gschwendtner, 1936
    • Cybister guignoti pseudosenegalensis Guignot, 1936
  • Cybister hypomelas Régimbart, 1892
  • Cybister janczyki Mouchamps, 1957
  • Cybister javanus Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister laevis Falkenström, 1936
  • Cybister lateralimarginalis (De Geer, 1774)
    • Cybister lateralimarginalis ponticus Sharp, 1882
    • Cybister lateralimarginalis torquatus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1829)
  • Cybister lewisianus Sharp, 1873
  • Cybister limbatus (Fabricius, 1775)
  • Cybister loxidiscus Wilke, 1920
  • Cybister natalensis (Wehncke, 1876)
  • Cybister nebulosus Gschwendtner, 1931
  • Cybister occidentalis Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister pectoralis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister pederzanii Rocchi, 1979
  • Cybister reichei Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister rugosus (W.S.Macleay, 1825)
  • Cybister rugulosus (Redtenbacher, 1844)
  • Cybister schoutedeni Gschwendtner, 1932
  • Cybister semiaciculatus Schaufuss, 1887
  • Cybister senegalensis Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister straeleni Guignot, 1952
  • Cybister tibialis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister tripunctatus (Olivier, 1795)
    • Cybister tripunctatus africanus Laporte, 1835
    • Cybister tripunctatus lateralis (Fabricius, 1798)
    • Cybister tripunctatus temnenkii Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister ventralis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister weckwerthi Hendrich, 1997
  • Cybister wittmeri Brancucci, 1979
  • Cybister yulensis Guignot, 1956

Subgenus Megadytoides Brinck, 1945

  • Cybister marginicollis Boheman, 1848

Subgenus Melanectes Brinck, 1945

  • Cybister alemon Guignot, 1948
  • Cybister aterrimus Régimbart, 1899
  • Cybister basilewskyi Guignot, 1950
  • Cybister bellicosus Guignot, 1947
  • Cybister bimaculatus Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister blotei Guignot, 1936
  • Cybister brevis Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister burgeoni Guignot, 1947
  • Cybister convexus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister dehaanii Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister desjardinsii Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister dissentiens Mouchamps, 1957
  • Cybister distinctus Régimbart, 1878
  • Cybister ertli Zimmermann, 1917
  • Cybister feraudi Guignot, 1934
  • Cybister griphodes Guignot, 1942
  • Cybister immarginatus Fabricius, 1798)
  • Cybister insignis Sharp, 1882
    • Cybister insignis caprai Guignot, 1949
    • Cybister insignis purpureovirgatus Guignot, 1946
  • Cybister irritans (Dohrn, 1875)
  • Cybister longulus Gschwendtner, 1932
  • Cybister lynceus J.Balfour-Browne, 1950
  • Cybister mesomelas Guignot, 1942
  • Cybister mocquerysi Régimbart, 1895
  • Cybister modestus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister nigrescens Gschwendtner, 1933
  • Cybister nigripes Wehncke, 1876
  • Cybister operosus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister owas Laporte, 1835
  • Cybister papuanus Guignot, 1956
  • Cybister pinguis Régimbart, 1895
  • Cybister posticus Aubé, 1838
  • Cybister procax Guignot, 1947
    • Cybister procax vicinatus Mouchamps, 1957
  • Cybister prolixus Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister semirugosus Harold, 1878
  • Cybister siamensis Sharp, 1882
  • Cybister smaragdinus Régimbart, 1895
  • Cybister sugillatus Erichson, 1834
  • Cybister sumatrensis Régimbart, 1883
  • Cybister thermolytes Guignot, 1947
  • Cybister vicinus Zimmermann, 1917
  • Cybister vulneratus Klug, 1834
  • Cybister zimmermanni Mouchamps, 1957

Subgenus Neocybister K.B. Miller, Bergsten & Whiting, 2007

  • Cybister festae Griffini, 1895
  • Cybister puncticollis (Brullé, 1837)

Subgenus unknown

  • Cybister parvus Trémouilles, 1984

Fossil species

These seven extinct species are known only from fossils:

  • †Cybister agassizi Heer, 1862
  • †Cybister atavus Heer, 1862
  • †Cybister fractus Riha, 1974
  • †Cybister imperfectus Riha, 1974
  • †Cybister mancus Riha, 1974
  • †Cybister nicoleti Heer, 1862
  • †Cybister rotundatus Riha, 1974

References

  1. ↑ Miller, K.B.; J. Bergsten (2016). Diving Beetles of the World: Systematics and Biology of the Dytiscidae. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-1-4214-2054-7. 
  2. ↑ Roberts, C H (1905). "The Distinctive Characters of the Eastern Species of the Genera Dytiscus and Cybister". Journal of the New York Entomological Society 13: 103–107. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8083456#page/124/mode/1up. 
  3. ↑ Nilsson, Anders N.; Hájek, Jiří (2021). "A World Catalogue of the Family Dytiscidae or the Diving Beetles (Coleoptera, Adephaga)". http://waterbeetles.eu/documents/W_CAT_Dytiscidae_2021.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Genus Cybister". https://bugguide.net/node/view/14512. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Arce-Pérez, Roberto; Novelo-Gutiérrez, Rodolfo; Fery, Hans (2021-11-04). "Cybister (s. str.) poblanus sp. n. from Mexico and notes on other species of Cybistrinae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)" (in en). Zootaxa 5061 (2): 323–339. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5061.2.5. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5061.2.5. 
  6. ↑ Liao, Wenfei (2018-08-19). "Cybister, an Immigrant in Finland" (in en). https://wenfeiliao.wordpress.com/2018/08/19/cybister-an-immigrant-in-finland/. 
  7. ↑ Ohba, Shin-Ya (2009-06-01). "Ontogenetic Dietary Shift in the Larvae of Cybister japonicus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Japanese Rice Fields" (in en). Environmental Entomology 38 (3): 856–860. doi:10.1603/022.038.0339. ISSN 0046-225X. https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/022.038.0339. 
  8. ↑ Yamasaki, Shun; Watanabe, Kohei; Ohba, Shin‐ya (2022). "Larval feeding habits of the large‐bodied diving beetle Cybister rugosus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) under laboratory conditions" (in en). Entomological Science 25 (2). doi:10.1111/ens.12510. ISSN 1343-8786. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ens.12510. 
  9. ↑ Pemberton, R. W. (1990). "The Korean water beetle game". Pan-Pacific Entomologist 66 (2): 172-174. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345258341_The_Korean_water_beetle_game. 
  10. ↑ Kim, Heejoong; Lee, Jihong (2017). "Design, swimming motion planning and implementation of a legged underwater robot (CALEB10: D.BeeBot) by biomimetic approach" (in en). Ocean Engineering 130: 310–327. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.11.006. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0029801816305133. 

External links


Wikidata ☰ Q1188989 entry



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