Biology:Cystiscus
| Cystiscus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cystiscus yasawaensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Cystiscidae |
| Subfamily: | Cystiscinae |
| Genus: | Cystiscus Stimpson, 1865[1] |
| Type species | |
| Cystiscus capensis Stimpson, 1865[1]
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| Synonyms | |
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Cystiscus is a taxonomic genus of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.
This genus was placed in the family Cystiscidae by Coovert and Coovert, 1995. Previously the genus was in the family Marginellidae, where it is still placed by many other malacologists.
Diagnosis
Shell minute to small, white, hyaline; spire immersed to low; lip thickened, smooth or weakly denticulate; external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; lacking collabral parietal callus ridge; columella multiplicate, with combined usually 2 to 8 plications plus parietal lirae, first plication usually strong and raised. Mantle smooth, at least partially extending over external shell surface.
Shell description
Shell minute to small (adult length 1 to 6 mm (0.039 to 0.236 in)). Color white, hyaline; surface smooth, glossy. Shape usually elliptic, obovate, or subtriangular; weakly shouldered. Spire completely immersed to low. Aperture narrow to broad, usually wider anteriorly. Lip slightly to distinctly thickened, flared posteriorly in some species, smooth on inside edge to weakly denticulate, lacking lirae, external varix absent. Shell lacking a siphonal notch and posterior notch. Shell with weak parietal callus wash or weak parietal callus deposits in some species, but lacking collabral parietal callus ridge. Columella multiplicate, with combined total 2 to 8 plications plus parietal lirae, rarely to 17 in which the posteriormost are denticles; one species with only 1 plication. Plications usually occupying less than half the length of the aperture, but most of the aperture in some. Plications excavated just inside aperture in a few species, usually evenly rounded, first plication usually raised and very strong. Shell with cystiscid internal whorls.
Animal anatomy
Internal: Unknown
External: Animal with eyes at side of head, usually on lateral swelling; mantle smooth, at least partially extending onto external shell surface, in some species nearly covering shell; foot relatively narrow, about as wide as shell length; head and mantle usually uniformly colored, often bright red, orange, or yellow, or brown, or black, internal mantle color pattern often showing through translucent shell.
Radula: Uniserial, ribbon long, narrow, composed of 80-209 plates. Rachidian plates overlapping, narrow, moderately to strong arched, with 6-14 sharp cusps on posterior edge, the central cusp usually the strongest. The anterior edge of the rachidian plate is strongly concave, resulting in U- or V-shaped plates.
Habitat
Intertidal to 370 m (1,210 ft).
Fossil record
Eocene of France and Alabama, upper Oligogene and Miocene of Western Atlantic, to Recent.
Remarks
The two halves of the head are capable of closing together at will, thus appearing unsplit. The long siphon usually distinguishes this group from Gibberula. The shell of Persicula is usually patterned, often has a distinct external varix, and the spire is usually immersed. These conchological features serve to separate the two groups.
Species
Cystiscus contains the following accepted species:[2]
- Cystiscus angasi (Crosse, 1870)[3]
- Cystiscus aphanacme (Tomlin, 1918)[4]
- Cystiscus aurantius Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus beqae Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus boucheti Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus bougei (Bavay, 1917)[7]
- Cystiscus bucca (Tomlin, 1916)
- Cystiscus caeruleus Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus camelopardalis Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus carinifer Wakefield & McCleery, 2005[8]
- Cystiscus connectans (May, 1911)[9]
- Cystiscus cooverti Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus cratericula (Tate & May, 1900)[10]
- Cystiscus cymbalum (Tate, 1878)
- Cystiscus cystiscus (Redfield, 1870)
- Cystiscus deeae Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus deltoides Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus flindersi (Pritchard & Gatliff, 1899)[11]
- Cystiscus freycineti (May, 1915)[12]
- Cystiscus garretti Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus gorii Boyer, 2018[13]
- Cystiscus goubini (Bavay, 1922)
- Cystiscus halli (Pritchard & Gatliff, 1899)[11]
- Cystiscus havannensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus hernandezi Boyer, 2018[13]
- Cystiscus incertus (May, 1920)
- Cystiscus indiscretus (May, 1911)[9]
- Cystiscus iota (Hedley, 1899)
- Cystiscus jucundus (W. Turton, 1932)
- Cystiscus mainardii Cossignani, 2009
- Cystiscus maloloensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus manceli (Jousseaume, 1875)
- Cystiscus marshalli Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus maskelynensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus matoensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus melwardi (Laseron, 1957)
- Cystiscus microgonia (Dall, 1927)
- Cystiscus minor Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus minusculus Lussi & G. Smith, 1998[14]
- Cystiscus minutissimus (Tenison Woods, 1876)
- Cystiscus montrouzieri (Bavay, 1922)
- Cystiscus mosaica Wakefield & McCleery, 2005[8]
- Cystiscus nebulosa Wakefield & McCleery, 2005[8]
- Cystiscus obesulus (May, 1920)
- Cystiscus pardus Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus peelae Lussi & G. Smith, 1998[14]
- Cystiscus politus (Carpenter, 1857)
- Cystiscus problematicus (Gatliff & Gabriel, 1916)
- Cystiscus pseudoaurantius Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus pseustes (E. A. Smith, 1904)
- Cystiscus punctatus Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus pusillus Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus rendai Boyer, 2018[13]
- Cystiscus robini Boyer, 2018[13]
- † Cystiscus rotunda (May, 1922) [15]
- Cystiscus sandwicensis (Pease, 1860)
- Cystiscus subauriculatus (May, 1915)[12]
- Cystiscus thouinensis (May, 1915)[12]
- Cystiscus tomlinianus (May, 1918)
- Cystiscus triangularis Cossignani, 2008
- Cystiscus tricinctus Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus truncatus (Dall, 1927)
- Cystiscus vavauensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus viaderi Boyer, 2004[16]
- Cystiscus vidae (Dell, 1956)
- Cystiscus viridis Boyer, 2003[5]
- Cystiscus vitiensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
- Cystiscus wakefieldi T. Cossignani, 2001
- Cystiscus yasawaensis Wakefield & McCleery, 2006[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stimpson, W. (1865). "On certain genera and families of zoophagous gasteropods". American Journal of Conchology 1: 55–64, pl. 8–9. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16084574#page/69/mode/1up. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ↑ "Cystiscus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224702.
- ↑ Crosse, Joseph Charles Hippolyte (1870). "Diagnoses molluscorum novorum". Journal de Conchyliologie 18: 301–304. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15160720#page/305/mode/1up. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ↑ Tomlin, John Read le Brockton (1918). "Descriptions of three new species of Marginella from South Africa, with a note on M. sutoris Dunker". Journal of Conchology 15: 306–307, pl. 10.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Boyer, F. (2003). "The Cystiscidae (Caenogastropoda) from upper reef formations of New Caledonia". Iberus 21 (1): 241–272. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42359557#page/247/mode/1up. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Wakefield, A.; McCleery, T. (2006). "Descriptions of new species of Pacific Cystiscus Stimpson, 1865 (Gastropoda : Cystiscidae). Part 1: species with banded mantle patterns". Novapex (Hors-série 4) 7: 1–31.
- ↑ Bavay, A. (1917). "Quelques coquilles des sables littoraux de divers pays". Journal de Conchyliologie 63: 91–114. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16014467#page/117/mode/1up. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Wakefield, A.; McCleery, T.. "Three new species of Cystiscus Stimpson, 1865 (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae) from the Tuamotu Archipelago". Novapex 6 (1–2): 19–30. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42368037#page/25/mode/1up. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 May, W.L. (1911). "New marine Mollusca". Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1910: 380–398, pls 13–15. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10108849#page/432/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ↑ Tate, R.; May, W.L. (1900). "Descriptions of new genera and species of Australian Mollusca (chiefly Tasmanian)". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 24 (2): 90–103. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36939623#page/110/mode/1up. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Pritchard, G.B.; Gatliff, J. H. (1899). "On some new species of Victorian Mollusca". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. New Series 11 (2): 179–184, pl. 20. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8358700#page/128/mode/1up. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 May, W.L. (1915). "Additions to the Tasmanian marine Mollusca, with descriptions of new species". Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for the Year 1915: 75–99, pls 1–8. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.12849. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10113368#page/87/mode/1up. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Boyer, F. (2018). "Révision des gastéropodes marginelliformes dans le récifal supérieur des Maldives". Xenophora Taxonomy 21: 22–47, figs 86–93.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lussi, M.; Smith, G. (1998). "Family Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865. Revision of the family Cystiscidae in South Africa with the introduction of three genera and the description of eight new species". Malacologia Mostra Mondiale 27: 3–23.
- ↑ May, W.L. (1922) New species of fossil shells from Table Cape. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1921, 9–12, pl. 4.
- ↑ Boyer, F. (2004). "Description of a new Cystiscus (Gastropoda: Cystiscidae) from the Mascarene Islands". Journal of Conchology 38 (4): 355–361.
- Bouchet, Philippe & Jean-Pierre Rocroi 2005. Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families. Malacologia 47(1-2):1-397.
- Laseron, C. F. (1957). A new classification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a review of species from the Solanderian and Dampierian zoogeographical provinces. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 8(3): 274-311
External links
- Stimpson W. 1865. On certain genera and families of zoophagous gasteropods. American Journal of Conchology, 1: 55-64, pl. 8-9
- Coovert G.A. & Coovert H.K. (1995) Revision of the supraspecific classification of marginelliform gastropods. The Nautilus 109(2-3): 43-110
Wikidata ☰ Q5201224 entry
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