Biology:DNA-SCARS
DNA-SCARS (short for DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence) are nuclear substructures with persistent DNA damage and DNA damage response proteins found in senescent cells. DNA-SCARS are associated with PML nuclear bodies and the accumulation of activated ATM, ATR, CHK2 and p53 proteins. DNA-SCARS lack most of the characteristics of transient, reversible DNA damage foci, such as single-stranded DNA, active DNA synthesis, and DNA repair proteins RPA and RAD51.[1] Telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) are generally associated with DNA-SCARS.[1] Together with senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), DNA-SCARS are one of the most prevalent nuclear markers of cellular senescence.[2]
History
DNA-SCARS were discovered by Judith Campisi and colleagues, who first described them in 2011, although most of their characteristics were previously known.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rodier, F; Muñoz, DP; Teachenor, R; Chu, V; Le, O; Bhaumik, D; Coppé, JP; Campeau, E et al. (1 January 2011). "DNA-SCARS: distinct nuclear structures that sustain damage-induced senescence growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine secretion.". Journal of Cell Science 124 (Pt 1): 68–81. doi:10.1242/jcs.071340. PMID 21118958.
- ↑ Rodier, F.; Campisi, J. (14 February 2011). "Four faces of cellular senescence". The Journal of Cell Biology 192 (4): 547–556. doi:10.1083/jcb.201009094. PMID 21321098.
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