Biology:Dalbergia armata
| Hluhluwe creeper | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Dalbergia |
| Species: | D. armata
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| Binomial name | |
| Dalbergia armata E.Mey.
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Dalbergia armata is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae.[2][3]. It is sometimes referred to by the common names thorny rope or Hluhluwe creeper.[1] It is a scrambling, deciduous plant that is native to subtropical to temperate regions of southeastern Africa. The robust, woody liana or small tree[4] is armed with strong spines on the main stem and branches.[5] It occurs sparsely or commonly in forest, bush, riparian fringes and in wooded ravines.[6] It is sometimes employed as a bonsai subject,[4][7] and it can be propagated from either seed or cuttings.[8]
Range
It occurs widely in coastal, montane or riparian forests of southern Tanzania,[9] Mozambique, Eswatini and eastern South Africa. In South Africa it is present in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces.[6] The Hluhluwe River is named after this species,[10] due to its prevalence on the banks of the river. The species is virtually confined to White’s Tongaland-Pondoland centre of endemism.[9]
Description
Their thick (up to 15 cm) and 10 to 30 m long ropes[4] have sturdy, sideways-directed spines which may grow in clusters, and encircle the stems. The spines which are up to 10 cm long,[11] hook onto adjacent vegetation to direct the plant towards the canopy. The bark is dark greyish brown.
The alternate leaves are up to 8 cm long, finely compound and are bluish green on their upper surfaces.[4] The 21 to 41[11] oblong leaflets (i.e. 10 to 20 pairs plus terminal) have a sub-opposite or alternate arrangement.[12] The leaflets close in overcast weather, and the foliage is popular with browsing animals.
Their very small,[12] sweetly scented flowers are creamy-white in colour.[4] They appear in early summer, and are born in dense terminal or axillary clusters.[12] The small and thin seed pods measure about 5 by 2 cm. They are papery in texture[5] and lemon-yellow to pale brown in colour.[4] The indehiscent fruit which hold 1 to 3 seeds each,[9] are often produced in profusion. They appear in clusters on horizontal branch tips, from late summer.[5][4]
Similar species
The zebra-wood is also armed and has an overlapping range, but its leaflets are fewer (7 to 13) and larger, while its flowers vary from white to pink.[6] Other Dalbergia species of the region have hairy pods, or velvety undersides to the leaflets. The thorny elm has simple leaves.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beentje, H.J. (2021). "Dalbergia armata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T199825454A199825456.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/199825454/199825456.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dalbergia armata E.Mey.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:490086-1.
- ↑ "Dalbergia armata E.Mey.". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/33YVT.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Pooley, Elsa (1997). Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. Durban: Natal Flora Publications Trust. pp. 168. ISBN 0-620-17697-0.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Palgrave, K. C. (1984). Trees of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik. p. 105. ISBN 0-86977-081-0.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Palmer, Eve (1977). A Field Guide to the Trees of Southern Africa. London, Johannesburg: Collins. pp. 91–92. ISBN 0-620-05468-9.
- ↑ Bent, Tony. "Dalbergia". Cape Bonsai Kai. http://www.capebonsaikai.co.za/species-notes/153-dalbergia.html. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ↑ "Dalbergia armata". Sunshine Seeds. http://www.sunshine-seeds.de/Dalbergia-armata-46820p.html. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Brummitt, R. K. (2007). "Dalbergia armata E. Mey.". Flora Zambesiaca. Leguminosae 3 (3). http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz&taxon=11051&nameid=28123. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ↑ Raper, P. E.. Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Van Wyk, Braam (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik. pp. 454. ISBN 1-86825-922-6.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Harvey, W. H. (1894). "DALBERGIA armata E. Mey. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE"]. Flora Capensis 2: 1. http://plants.jstor.org/taxon/dalbergia.armata. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
Wikidata ☰ Q15531523 entry
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