Biology:Dasineura oxycoccana

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Short description: Species of gall midge

Dasineura oxycoccana
File:Dasineura oxycoccana.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Cecidomyiidae
Genus: Dasineura
Species:
D. oxycoccana
Binomial name
Dasineura oxycoccana
Johnson, 1899

Dasineura oxycoccana, also known as blueberry gall midge or cranberry tipworm, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae, forming galls on Vaccinium species, notably blueberries and cranberries.[1][2][3][4][5] It is found all across North America, being reported from Florida up throughout Maine, and west to Oregon.[6] It has also invaded European countries including Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, and the UK and also recently invaded Japan and Korea.[7] It can be a serious pest of blueberries, especially in southern states like Georgia and Florida, where it attacks floral buds and vegetative shoots.[8] They can also attack and cause economic harm cranberries, although current research suggests that the blueberry-attacking and cranberry-attacking Dasineura oxycoccana are not truly the same species.[9][10][11][12][13][14]

Description

File:Tipworm.jpg
Later instar blueberry gall midge larvae inside northern highbush blueberry leaf terminal
File:Blueberry midge.jpg
Mid instar blueberry gall midge on northern highbush blueberry leaf terminal

Adult Dasineura oxycoccana are small flies, around 2-3 mm long, with an orange abdomen. Larvae are legless maggots that can be found inside flower buds or leaf terminals. Early instar larvae are a translucent white, becoming more opaque white, and eventually maturing reddish in color.[15][16]

Current research suggests Dasineura oxycoccana to be a cryptic species complex in which those that attack blueberries and those that attack cranberries have unique pheromones, genomes, and phenology, showing possible sympatric speciation.[17][18][19] While there is potential for gene flow, blueberry gall midge and cranberry tipworm do not share reproductive behaviors.[20][21]

Range

Dasineura oxycoccana has been reported all across North America, including British Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Oregon, Wisconsin, and Washington.[22][23][24] It has also since invaded into Europe and Asia, and is found in countries such as Japan, Korea, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, and the UK.[25]

Damage

File:Blueberry gall midge larvae.jpg
Blueberry gall midge larvae on leaf terminal of northern highbush blueberry
File:Tipworm2.jpg
Blueberry gall midge damage on northern highbush blueberry leaf terminal

Dasineura oxycoccana is known to attack plants in the genus Vaccinium, with reports on Vaccinium corymbosum (northern highbush blueberry), Vaccinium X darrowii (southern highbush blueberry), Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry), Vaccinium virgatum (rabbiteye blueberry), and Vaccinium macrocarpon (large cranberry). In southern regions like Georgia and Florida, it damages flower and vegetative buds, which can lead up to 100% losses.[26] In more northern regions, its phenology does not always align with flowering, and thus often attacks vegetative leaf tips. This leads to curling and distortion of leaf tips and excessive branching. This insect often prefers new growth of the terminals.

Etymology

References

  1. ↑ Gagné, Raymond J. (1989). "The Plant-feeding Gall Midges of North America". Cornell University Press: 356. 
  2. ↑ Hahn, Noel G.; Isaacs, Rufus (1 June 2012). "Distribution and Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan Blueberries". Environmental Entomology 41 (3): 455-462. doi:10.1603/EN12002. 
  3. ↑ Kim, Hyojoong; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Lee, Heung-Sik (28 September 2022). "Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios". Insects 13 (10): 880. doi:10.3390/insects13100880. 
  4. ↑ Collins, Judith A.; Drummond, Francis A. (6 March 2019). "The Blueberry Gall Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): A Recent Pest of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium; Ericales: Ericaceae) and Its Impact on Potential Yield". Journal of Economic Entomology 112 (3): 1151-1161. doi:10.1093/jee/toz038. 
  5. ↑ Tewari, S.; Buonaccorsi, J.P.; Averill, A.L. (2012). "Injury to apical meristem of cranberry by Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) reduces production of floral-units in the next growing season". Journal of Economic Entomology 105 (4): 1366-1378. doi:10.1603/ec11395. 
  6. ↑ Hahn, Noel G.; Isaacs, Rufus (1 June 2012). "Distribution and Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan Blueberries". Environmental Entomology 41 (3): 455-462. doi:10.1603/EN12002. 
  7. ↑ Kim, Hyojoong; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Lee, Heung-Sik (28 September 2022). "Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios". Insects 13 (10): 880. doi:10.3390/insects13100880. 
  8. ↑ Hahn, Noel G.; Isaacs, Rufus (1 June 2012). "Distribution and Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan Blueberries". Environmental Entomology 41 (3): 455-462. doi:10.1603/EN12002. 
  9. ↑ Kim, Hyojoong; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Lee, Heung-Sik (28 September 2022). "Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios". Insects 13 (10): 880. doi:10.3390/insects13100880. 
  10. ↑ Mathur, Snehlata; Cook, Melissa A.; Sinclair, Bradley J.; Fitzpatrick, Sheila M. (2012). "DNA Barcodes Suggest Cryptic Speciation in Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, and Blueberry, V. corymbosum". Florida Entomologist 95 (2): 387-394. doi:10.1653/024.095.0222. 
  11. ↑ Mathur, Snehlata; Cook, Melissa A.; Sinclair, Bradley J.; Fitzpatrick, Sheila M. (2012). "DNA Barcodes Suggest Cryptic Speciation in Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, and Blueberry, V. corymbosum". Florida Entomologist 95 (2): 387-394. doi:10.1653/024.095.0222. 
  12. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Sheila M.; Gries, Regine; Khaskin, Grigori; Peach, Daniel A.H.; Iwanski, Jessika; Gries, Gerhard (8 January 2013). "Populations of the Gall Midge Dasineura oxycoccana on Cranberry and Blueberry Produce and Respond to Different Sex Pheromones". Journal of Chemical Ecology 39: 37-49. doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0230-7. 
  13. ↑ Cook, M.A.; Ozeroff, S.N.; Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Roitberg, B.D. (2011). "Host-associated differentiation in reproductive behaviour of cecidomyiid midges on cranberry and blueberry". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 141: 8-14. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01166.x. 
  14. ↑ Cook, M.A.; Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Roitberg, B.D. (2012). "Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on cranberry and blueberry indicates potential for gene flow". Journal of Economic Entomology 105: 1205-1213. doi:10.1603/EC11418. 
  15. ↑ Steck, G.J.; Lyrene, P.M.; Payne, J.A. (2024). "Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)" (in en-US). https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN293. 
  16. ↑ Yang, Wei Qiang (2005). "Blueberry gall midge: Identification, life cycle and plant injury" (in en-US). https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-8889-blueberry-gall-midge-identification-life-cycle-plant-injury. 
  17. ↑ Kim, Hyojoong; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Lee, Heung-Sik (28 September 2022). "Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios". Insects 13 (10): 880. doi:10.3390/insects13100880. 
  18. ↑ Mathur, Snehlata; Cook, Melissa A.; Sinclair, Bradley J.; Fitzpatrick, Sheila M. (2012). "DNA Barcodes Suggest Cryptic Speciation in Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, and Blueberry, V. corymbosum". Florida Entomologist 95 (2): 387-394. doi:10.1653/024.095.0222. 
  19. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Sheila M.; Gries, Regine; Khaskin, Grigori; Peach, Daniel A.H.; Iwanski, Jessika; Gries, Gerhard (8 January 2013). "Populations of the Gall Midge Dasineura oxycoccana on Cranberry and Blueberry Produce and Respond to Different Sex Pheromones". Journal of Chemical Ecology 39: 37-49. doi:10.1007/s10886-012-0230-7. 
  20. ↑ Cook, M.A.; Ozeroff, S.N.; Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Roitberg, B.D. (2011). "Host-associated differentiation in reproductive behaviour of cecidomyiid midges on cranberry and blueberry". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 141: 8-14. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01166.x. 
  21. ↑ Cook, M.A.; Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Roitberg, B.D. (2012). "Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on cranberry and blueberry indicates potential for gene flow". Journal of Economic Entomology 105: 1205-1213. doi:10.1603/EC11418. 
  22. ↑ Steck, G.J.; Lyrene, P.M.; Payne, J.A. (2024). "Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)" (in en-US). https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN293. 
  23. ↑ Hahn, Noel G.; Isaacs, Rufus (1 June 2012). "Distribution and Phenology of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan Blueberries". Environmental Entomology 41 (3): 455-462. doi:10.1603/EN12002. 
  24. ↑ Collins, Judith A.; Drummond, Francis A. (6 March 2019). "The Blueberry Gall Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): A Recent Pest of Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium; Ericales: Ericaceae) and Its Impact on Potential Yield". Journal of Economic Entomology 112 (3): 1151-1161. doi:10.1093/jee/toz038. 
  25. ↑ Kim, Hyojoong; Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar; Lee, Heung-Sik (28 September 2022). "Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios". Insects 13 (10): 880. doi:10.3390/insects13100880. 
  26. ↑ Steck, G.J.; Lyrene, P.M.; Payne, J.A. (2024). "Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)" (in en-US). https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN293. 

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