Biology:Deltaretrovirus
| Deltaretrovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
| Phylum: | Artverviricota |
| Class: | Revtraviricetes |
| Order: | Ortervirales |
| Family: | Retroviridae |
| Subfamily: | Orthoretrovirinae |
| Genus: | Deltaretrovirus |
| Species | |
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Deltaretrovirus is a genus of the Retroviridae family. It consists of exogenous horizontally transmitted viruses found in several groups of mammals. (As of 2023), ICTV lists under this genus the Bovine leukemia virus and three species of primate T-lymphotropic virus.
The genus of viruses is known for its propensity to target immune cells and oncogenity, evident in the names of the four named species.[1] Infection is usually asymptomatic, but inflammation and cancer can develop over time.[2]
Classification
Four species are recognized by the ICTV as of 2023:
- Bovine leukemia virus
- Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1
- Primate T-lymphotropic virus 2
- Primate T-lymphotropic virus 3
Two additional PTLVs are known but not regonized: HTLV-4 (South Cameroon, 2005) and STLV-5 (Mac B43 strain, highly divergent PTLV-1).[3]
In addition, eight endogenous retroviruses identified as Deltaretrovirus are known as of 2019. Two of these were complete enough to show ORFs; the rest only showing long terminal repeats.[1]
Hosts
Known exogenous deltaretroviruses infect cattle and primates.[1]
The two complete endogenous ones were found in bats and dolphins; the others in Solenodon, mongoose, and fossa. These endogenous examples fill in the large gap in the host range.[1]
Clinical relevance
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Hron, T; Elleder, D; Gifford, RJ (27 November 2019). "Deltaretroviruses have circulated since at least the Paleogene and infected a broad range of mammalian species.". Retrovirology 16 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s12977-019-0495-9. PMID 31775783.
- ↑ Farkašová, H; Hron, T; Pačes, J; Hulva, P; Benda, P; Gifford, RJ; Elleder, D (21 March 2017). "Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae).". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114 (12): 3145–3150. doi:10.1073/pnas.1621224114. PMID 28280099. Bibcode: 2017PNAS..114.3145F.
- ↑ Mahieux, R; Gessain, A (July 2011). "HTLV-3/STLV-3 and HTLV-4 viruses: discovery, epidemiology, serology and molecular aspects.". Viruses 3 (7): 1074–90. doi:10.3390/v3071074. PMID 21994771.
External links
- Deltaretrovirus at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Viralzone: Deltaretrovirus
Wikidata ☰ Q1184972 entry
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