Biology:Electrooculography
Electrooculography (EOG) is a technique for measuring the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. Primary applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements. Unlike the electroretinogram, the EOG does not measure response to individual visual stimuli.[1]
To measure eye movement, pairs of electrodes are typically placed either above and below the eye or to the left and right of the eye. If the eye moves from center position toward one of the two electrodes, this electrode "sees" the positive side of the retina and the opposite electrode "sees" the negative side of the retina. Consequently, a potential difference occurs between the electrodes. Assuming that the resting potential is constant, the recorded potential is a measure of the eye's position.
In 1951 Elwin Marg described and named electrooculogram for a technique of measuring the resting potential of the retina in the human eye.[2]
Principle
The eye acts as a dipole in which the anterior pole is positive and the posterior pole is negative.
- Left gaze: the cornea approaches the electrode near the outer canthus of the left eye, resulting in a negative-trending change in the recorded potential difference.[3]
- Right gaze: the cornea approaches the electrode near the inner canthus of the left eye, resulting in a positive-trending change in the recorded potential difference.
Ophthalmological diagnosis
See also
- International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision
- Nystagmus
- Optokinetic drum
- Orthoptist
References
- ↑ Creel, Donnell J. (1995), Kolb, Helga; Fernandez, Eduardo; Jones, Bryan et al., eds., "The Electroretinogram and Electro-oculogram: Clinical Applications", Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System (Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Center), PMID 21413406, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11553/, retrieved 2025-05-13
- ↑ Marg, Elwin (1951). "Development of electro-oculography; standing potential of the eye in registration of eye movement". AMA Arch Ophthalmol 45 (2): 169–185. doi:10.1001/archopht.1951.01700010174006. PMID 14799014.
- ↑ "Designing of Wheelchair to provide Ability to Move around for Disabled People using Electrooculography". https://ijettjournal.org/assets/Volume-67/Issue-3/IJETT-V67I3P214.pdf.
- Brown, M., Marmor, M. and Vaegan, ISCEV Standard for Clinical Electro-oculography (EOG) (2006), in: Documenta Ophthalmologica, 113:3(205–212)
- Bulling, A. et al.: It's in Your Eyes - Towards Context-Awareness and Mobile HCI Using Wearable EOG Goggles, Proc. of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2008), pages 84–93, ACM Press, 2008
- Bulling, A. et al.: Robust Recognition of Reading Activity in Transit Using Wearable Electrooculography, Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive 2008), pages 19–37, Springer, 2008
- Bulling, A. et al.: Wearable EOG goggles: Seamless sensing and context-awareness in everyday environments, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, 1(2):157-171, 2009
- Bulling, A. et al.: Eye Movement Analysis for Activity Recognition Using Electrooculography, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, in press
- Bulling, A. et al.: Eye Movement Analysis for Activity Recognition, International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2009), pages 41–50, ACM Press, 2009.
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