Biology:Embryokine
From HandWiki
Embryokines (Greek: embryuon "embryo" + kinōs "movement") are regulatory molecules produced by the oviduct and endometrium in the reproductive tract that modulate embryonic growth and development.[1][2]
Embryokines include growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1, and activin a transforming growth factor; cytokines such as colony stimulating factor 2,[3][4] WNT regulatory proteins including DKK1;[5] Other small molecule amino acids are included that regulate embryonic development through the mTOR signalling pathway. Prostacyclin 1 can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 6 to increase blastocyst hatching, and cannabinoids that can also act to regulate implantation and development.[2]
References
- ↑ "Programming of the preimplantation embryo by the embryokine colony stimulating factor 2". Animal Reproduction Science 149 (1–2): 59–66. September 2014. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.017. PMID 24954585.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hansen, PJ; Dobbs, KB; Denicol, AC; Siqueira, LGB (January 2016). "Sex and the preimplantation embryo: implications of sexual dimorphism in the preimplantation period for maternal programming of embryonic development.". Cell and Tissue Research 363 (1): 237–247. doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2287-4. PMID 26391275.
- ↑ "Improving post-transfer survival of bovine embryos produced in vitro: actions of insulin-like growth factor-1, colony stimulating factor-2 and hyaluronan.". Theriogenology 76 (9): 1602–1609. December 2011. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.025. PMID 21890189.
- ↑ "Effects of activin A and follistatin on developmental kinetics of bovine embryos: cinematographic analysis in a chemically defined medium.". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 118 (1): 119–125. January 2000. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.1180119. PMID 10793633.
- ↑ "The WNT signaling antagonist Dickkopf-1 directs lineage commitment and promotes survival of the preimplantation embryo.". FASEB Journal 28 (9): 3975–3986. September 2014. doi:10.1096/fj.14-253112. PMID 24858280.
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