Biology:Entolomataceae
| Entolomataceae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Entoloma sinuatum, Italy | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar (1972) |
| Type genus | |
| Entoloma (Fr.) P.Kumm.(1871)
| |
| Genera | |
|
Clitocella | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Clitopilaceae P.D. Orton (1960) nom. inval. | |
The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma.[1][2] Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (mushrooms with gills), but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.
Taxonomy
The family Entolomataceae was first introduced in 1972 by the Czech mycologists František Kotlaba and Zdeněk Pouzar to replace the earlier name Rhodophyllaceae. The latter, introduced in 1951 by Rolf Singer, is illegitimate because it is based on the illegitimate genus Rhodophyllus which includes (and is therefore a superfluous synonym of) the earlier and legitimate name Entoloma.[3] The family is well defined by its distinctive spore morphology, formed by a unique type of spore-wall thickening called the "epicorium",[2] and by recent DNA studies.[4][2]
Genera
Many different internal classifications of the Entolomataceae have been proposed. In 1871, German mycologist Paul Kummer created the genera Eccilia, Leptonia, Nolanea, and Entoloma for species with angular spores, based on perceived differences in the morphology of fruit bodies. These genera were widely used throughout the twentieth century, but DNA studies have now shown them to be polyphyletic (artificial).
The current view is that Entolomataceae with angular spores should either all be classified in the genus Entoloma, which forms a large but monophyletic (natural) group,[2] or split between Entoloma and the smaller, basal group Entocybe.[5] Species with longitudinally ridged spores are classified in Clitopilus. Species with nodulose spores are classified in Rhodocybe or Rhodophana. Species with obscurely nodulose spores (appearing almost smooth under a microscope) are classified in Clitocella or Clitopilopsis.[6]
See list of Entolomataceae genera for a table of the main genera into which the family was formerly divided.
Distribution
The family has a cosmopolitan distribution and species are common in both temperate and tropical climates.[7]
Entocybe trachyospora
Rhodocybe fumanellii
Rhodophana nitellina
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See also
References
- ↑ "Catalogue of Life". https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/9QP.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 D. Co-David; D. Langeveld; M.E. Noordeloos (Nov 2009). "Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae". Persoonia (Leiden & Utrecht: National Herbarium of The Netherlands & the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre) 23 (2): 147–176. doi:10.3767/003158509x480944. PMID 20198166. PMC 2802732. http://www.persoonia.org/Issue/23/11.pdf.. Figure 6 gives scanning electron micrographs allowing the shapes of Entoloma spores and Rhodocybe spores to be compared. See also this web page by M. Noordeloos which summarizes the information from the paper.
- ↑ Kotlába, F.; Pouzar, Z., 1972, Ceská Mykologie 26(4): 218
- ↑ "Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview". Mycologia 98 (6): 982–95. 2006. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID 17486974. http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/Reprints%20PDFs/Mathenyetal_Agaricales_2006.pdf.
- ↑ "Entocybe is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence". North American Fungi 6 (12): 1–19. 2011. doi:10.2509/naf2011.006.012. http://www2.cortland.edu/dotAsset/49c21026-da91-4a58-8b8a-c147d8f3619d.pdf. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
- ↑ "Toward a stable classification of genera within the Entolomataceae: a phylogenetic re-evaluation of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade". Mycologia 106 (6): 1127–42. 2014. doi:10.3852/13-270. PMID 24987124.
- ↑ Cannon PF, Kirk PM. (2007). Fungal families of the world. CABI Publishing. 456 pp.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q608643 entry
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