Biology:Equoidea
Equoidea is a superfamily of hippomorph perissodactyls containing the Equidae, Palaeotheriidae, and other basal equoids of unclear affinities, of which members of the genus Equus are the only extant species. The earliest fossil record of the Equoidea proves unclear, but they possibly could have originated during the late Paleocene in Europe or Asia. Definite fossil records of equoids are recorded by the earliest Eocene, in which the earliest equids in North America and basal equoids of unclear affinities in Europe both appeared.[1] Palaeotheres are thought to have originated later in the early Eocene of Europe, although some researchers disagree on whether the subfamily Pachynolophinae belongs to the Palaeotheriidae.[2][3][4]
Equoids may in part be defined by dental synapomorphies from its molars.[5] Equoids were originally brachyodont (low-crowned) in dentition, but the morphologies of their molars had changed to adapt to different diets. Living equids are hypsodont, the result of evolutionary adaptations towards grazing diets.[6]
References
- ↑ Bronnert, Constance; Métais, Grégoire (2023). "Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin". Geodiversitas 45 (9): 277–326. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a9. https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/45/9.
- ↑ Remy, Jean A.; Krasovec, Gabriel; Lopez, Éric; Marandat, Bernard; Lihoreau, Fabrice (2019). "The Palaeotheriidae (Equoidea, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from the Eocene fauna of Aumelas (Hérault department, France)". Geodiversitas 41 (1): 525–585. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a13. Bibcode: 2019Geodv..41..525R. http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFBAC068FFFDFFF4E9140245A265EE0D.
- ↑ Bai, Bin (2017). "Eocene Pachynolophinae (Perissodactyla, Palaeotheriidae) from China, and their palaeobiogeographical implications". Palaeontology 60 (6): 837–852. doi:10.1111/pala.12319. Bibcode: 2017Palgy..60..837B.
- ↑ Remy, Jean A. (2017). "Critical comments on the genus Propachynolophus Lemoine, 1891 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equoidea)". Palaeovertebrata 41: 1–18. doi:10.18563/pv.41.1.e3.
- ↑ Hooker, Jerry J. (1994). "The beginning of the equoid radiation". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112 (1–2): 29–63. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1994.tb00311.x.
- ↑ Engels, Sandra; Schultz, Julia A. (2018). "Evolution of the power stroke in early Equoidea (Perissodactyla, Mammalia)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 99 (2): 271–291. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0341-4.
Template:Perissodactyla Genera Wikidata ☰ Q21445554 entry
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