Biology:Eremophila racemosa
| Showy eremophila | |
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| At Cuyamaca College, California | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Eremophila |
| Species: | E. racemosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Eremophila racemosa | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Eremophila racemosa, also known as showy eremophila,[2] is a flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae, and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with glabrous leaves, small, green sepals and flowers that have many colour variations often changing as they age.
Description
Eremophila racemosa is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.3–1.6 m (1 ft 0 in–5 ft 3 in) and has mostly glabrous branches and leaves. The leaves are arranged alternately along the branches, narrowly lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, mostly 18–43 mm (0.7–2 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. There are sometimes a few simple hairs pressed against the base of the leaf.[3][4][5][6]
The flowers are borne singly in leaf axils on glabrous, sometimes s-shaped stalks 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long. There are five green, egg-shaped, tapering sepals 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and glabrous on the outside but hairy on the inside. The petals are 15–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The flower buds are orange on top, yellowish below and turn red as the flower opens with the petal tube having a lighter colour inside. Alternately, the buds may be pinkish to pale yellow turning light cream when they open. The flowers are sometimes spotted, and pure white forms are known. The petal tube and lobes are glabrous, apart from long white hairs on the base of the petal lobes and inside the tube. The four stamens extend beyond the end of the petal tube but shorten as the flower ages. Flowering occurs from March to December and the fruits that follow are fleshy at first, then dry, almost spherical, 9–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long and have a whitish-grey, spotted, papery covering.[3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming
This species was first formally described in 1838 by Stephan Endlicher who gave it the name Stenochilus racemosus in his book Stirpium Australasicarum Herbarii Hugeliani Decades Tres.[7][8] The type specimen was collected by John Septimus Roe in the interior of Western Australia in December 1836. The species was transferred into the genus Eremophila by Ferdinand von Mueller in 1859, with the change published in Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land.[9][10] No further collections of the species were made until 1978. Robert Chinnock named the new collection Eremophila bicolor,[11] unaware that it had been described more than 100 years earlier.[4]
The specific epithet (racemosa) means "in racemes".[3]
Distribution and habitat
Showy eremophila grows in loamy soils on undulating plains in the semi-arid zone north of Ravensthorpe, between Hyden and Norseman[4][6] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions.[2] Until recently, the species was only known from small populations in disturbed areas such as roadsides but following widespread bushfires in 1992, populations of thousands were discovered.[3]
Conservation
This species is classified as "Priority Four" under the Western Australian Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016,[2] meaning that it is rare or near threatened.[12]
Use in horticulture
Showy eremophila is reasonably well known in horticulture, including in the United States and especially in California.[5][13] It is fast-growing, with massed displays of bird-attracting flowers in spring; but it may only live for 8 to 10 years.[6] It is usually propagated from cuttings, and only takes a few weeks to develop roots. Well-drained soil in a sunny position is preferred but mature plants only need an occasional watering during a long drought. It is more tolerant of high humidity than most other eremophilas and can tolerate severe frosts, although temperatures below −6 °C (20 °F) may cause some damage to new foliage. It can suffer wind damage and may need support.[14]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Eremophila racemosa". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/115157. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Eremophila racemosa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/7260.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Chinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 567–569. ISBN 9781877058165.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Brown, Andrew; Buirchell, Bevan (2011). A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia (1st ed.). Hamilton Hill, W.A.: Simon Nevill Publications. p. 234. ISBN 9780980348156.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Eremophila racemosa". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. http://anpsa.org.au/e-rac1.html. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 French, Jenifer. "Eremophila racemosa". Australian National Botanic Garden. https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2012/eremophila-racemosa.html. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ "Stenochilus racemosus". APNI. http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/475812. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ Endlicher, Stephan (1838). "Stirpium Australasicarum Herbarii Hugeliani Decades Tres". Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 2: 202. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128397#page/216/mode/1up. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ↑ "Eremophila racemosa". APNI. http://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/115157. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). "On the genus Eremophila". Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of van Diemen's Land 3: 297. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101252#page/331/mode/1up. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ "Eremophila bicolor". APNI. http://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/518324. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna". Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
- ↑ O'Connell, Jo. "Eremophila racemosa". Australian Native Plants. http://www.australianplants.com/plants.aspx?id=1685. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ↑ Boschen, Norma; Goods, Maree; Wait, Russell (2008). Australia's eremophilas : changing gardens for a changing climate. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9781876473655.
Wikidata ☰ Q5385584 entry
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