Biology:Eugenia uniflora

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Short description: Species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae

Surinam cherry
Eugenia uniflora fruits.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eugenia
Species:
E. uniflora
Binomial name
Eugenia uniflora
Synonyms[2]
Pitanga, (surinam-cherry), raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy138 kJ (33 kcal)
7.49 g
0.4 g
0.8 g
VitaminsQuantity %DV†
Vitamin A equiv.
9%
75 μg
Thiamine (B1)
3%
0.03 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
3%
0.04 mg
Niacin (B3)
2%
0.3 mg
Vitamin C
32%
26.3 mg
MineralsQuantity %DV†
Calcium
1%
9 mg
Iron
2%
0.2 mg
Magnesium
3%
12 mg
Phosphorus
2%
11 mg
Potassium
2%
103 mg
Sodium
0%
3 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Eugenia uniflora, the pitanga,[3] Suriname cherry,[4] Brazilian cherry,[3] Cayenne cherry,[5] cerisier carré,[6] monkimonki kersie, ñangapirí,[7] or shimarucu[8] is a flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical South America’s east coast, ranging from Suriname, French Guiana to southern Brazil , as well as Uruguay and parts of Paraguay and Argentina .[6][9][10] It is often used in gardens as a hedge or screen. The tree was introduced to Bermuda for ornamental purposes but is now out of control and listed as an invasive species.[11] The tree has also been introduced to Florida.[12]

Description

Eugenia uniflora is a large shrub or small tree with a conical form, growing slowly to 8 metres (26 ft) high. When bruised, crushed, or cut, the leaves and branches have a spicy resinous fragrance, which can cause respiratory discomfort in susceptible individuals. The leaves are without stipules, ovate, glossy, and held in opposite pairs.[5] New leaves are bronze, copper, or coppery-pinkish in color, maturing to deep glossy green, up to 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long. During winter, the leaves turn red.

Flowers have four white petals and are borne on long slender stalks, with a conspicuous central cluster of white stamens ending in yellow anthers. Flowers develop into ribbed fruits 2 to 4 centimetres (0.79 to 1.57 in) long, starting as green, then ranging through orange, scarlet, and maroon as they ripen. Because fruit-eating birds distribute the seeds, they can become a weed in suitable tropical and sub-tropical habitats, displacing native flora.[5]

Uses

Culinary uses

The edible fruit is a botanical berry. The taste ranges from sweet to sour, depending on the cultivar and level of ripeness (the darker red to black range is quite sweet, while the green to orange range is strikingly tart). Its predominant food use is as a flavoring and base for jams and jellies.[13] The fruit is high in vitamin C and a source of provitamin A.

The leaves are also used for tea in certain parts of Uruguay.[citation needed]

Use as an insect repellent

The leaves are spread on some house floors in Brazil so that they exude a smell that repels flies when crushed underfoot.[citation needed]

Medical uses

Eugenia uniflora has several significant pharmacological properties.[14] Its essential oil is antihypertensive,[14][15] antidiabetic,[16] antitumor[17] and analgesic,[18] and it has shown antiviral and antifungal activity.[19] It has performed against microorganisms such as Trichomonas gallinae (in vitro),[20] Trypanosoma cruzi[21] and Leishmania amazonensis.[14][22]

Gallery

  • flowers

  • Eugenia uniflora fruits

  • Eugenia uniflora

  • Eugenia uniflora

  • Eugenia uniflora

  • Eugenia uniflora -young leaves

  • With fruits on tree

  • Pitanga jam

References

  1. ↑ Macdonald, F.; Canteiro, C. (2021). "Eugenia uniflora". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T60330325A60330335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T60330325A60330335.en. 
  2. ↑ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-77153. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nascimento e Santos, Débora; Lima de Souza, Larissa; Nilson José Ferreira; Lopes de Oliveira, Alessandra (2015). "Study of supercritical extraction from Brazilian cherry seeds (Eugenia uniflora L.) with bioactive compounds". Food and Bioproducts Processing (Elsevier) 94: 365–374. doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2014.04.005. 
  4. ↑ Setzer, Kenneth (May 12, 2018). "Yes, the Surinam cherry is edible, but that doesn't mean you're going to like it". Miami Herald. https://www.miamiherald.com/living/home-garden/article210141259.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Weeds of Australia: Eugenia uniflora". Queensland Government. https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/eugenia_uniflora.htm. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Duke, James A. (2009). Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America. p. 309. ISBN 9781420043174. https://books.google.com/books?id=c8rg6rPsvUYC&pg=PA309. 
  7. ↑ "A curious crop". The Honolulu Advertiser. February 28, 2007. http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2007/Feb/28/il/FP702280358.html. 
  8. ↑ Proosdij, A.S.J. van (2012) (in nl). Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. Zutphen: Walberg Pers. ISBN 978-9057301629. 
  9. ↑ Karp, David (February 7, 2007). "Berry Helped to Put Reality Show Chef on Top". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/07/dining/07cherry.html. 
  10. ↑ Morton, Julia (1987). "Surinam cherry". Fruits of warm climates. pp. 386–8. ISBN 9780961018412. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/surinam_cherry.html. 
  11. ↑ "Bermuda Conservation - Surinam Cherry". http://bermudaconservation.squarespace.com/surinam-cherry/. 
  12. ↑ "Surinam Cherry: Only Ripe Need Apply". 24 September 2011. http://www.eattheweeds.com/surinam-cherry-only-ripe-need-apply/. 
  13. ↑ Hargreaves, Dorothy; Hargreaves, Bob (1964). Tropical Trees of Hawaii. Kailua, Hawaii: Hargreaves. p. 61. ISBN 9780910690027. https://archive.org/details/tropicaltreesofh00doro_0. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lim, TK (2012). "Eugenia Uniflora". Fruits. Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants. 3. Springer. pp. 620–9. ISBN 978-9400725348. https://books.google.com/books?id=32rWbxUtjeMC&q=eugenia+uniflora&pg=PA623. 
  15. ↑ "Pharmacological basis for the empirical use of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) as antihypertensive.". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 66 (1): 33–9. 1999. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00194-9. PMID 10432205. 
  16. ↑ Matsumura, T; Kasai, M; Hayashi, T; Arisawa, M; Momose, Y; Arai, I; Amagaya, S; Komatsu, Y (2000). "a-glucosidase Inhibitors From Paraguayan Natural Medicine, Nangapiry, The Leaves Of Eugenia Uniflora". Pharmaceutical Biology 38 (4): 302–7. doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200009)3841-AFT302. PMID 21214481. 
  17. ↑ "Studies on the essential oils composition, antibacterial and cytotoxicity of Eugenia uniflora L.". International Journal of Aromatherapy 15 (3): 147–152. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.ijat.2005.07.004. 
  18. ↑ "Antinociceptive and hypothermic evaluation of the leaf essential oil and isolated terpenoids from Eugenia uniflora L. (Brazilian Pitanga).". Phytomedicine 16 (10): 923–8. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.009. PMID 19423309. 
  19. ↑ "Influence of fruit biotypes on the chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Eugenia uniflora leaves.". Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 21 (5): 851–8. 2010. doi:10.1590/s0103-50532010000500012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/bitstream/ri/16301/5/Artigo%20-%20Deomar%20Pl%c3%a1cido%20da%20Costa%20-%202010.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "In-vitro evaluation of anti-trichomonal activities of Eugenia uniflora leaf.". Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 8 (2): 170–6. 2011. PMID 22238499. 
  21. ↑ "Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and cytotoxic activities of Eugenia uniflora L.". Exp. Parasitol. 131 (1): 130–2. 2012. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.019. PMID 22426246. 
  22. ↑ "Eugenia uniflora L. Essential Oil as a Potential Anti-Leishmania Agent: Effects on Leishmania amazonensis and Possible Mechanisms of Action.". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013: 279726. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/279726. PMID 23533469. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q306504 entry



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