Biology:Euopsis
Euopsis is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Harpidiaceae.[1] The genus contains two species.[2] The genus was established in 1881 by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander, who transferred species from the genus Pyrenopsis based on differences in their reproductive structures. These lichens form dark reddish-brown crusts that become jelly-like when wet and grow primarily on damp, acidic rock faces and mossy surfaces.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish botanist William Nylander in 1881. Nylander established Euopsis after determining that certain species previously placed in Pyrenopsis differed significantly in the form and structure of their apothecia. He transferred Pyrenopsis haemaleuca and P. granulatina to the new genus based on these morphological distinctions. In his description, Nylander noted the taxonomic complexity surrounding related genera, observing that Stictis forms well-developed apothecia similar to those found in parmeliaceous lichens, with distinctive marginal features. He suggested that the establishment of subgenera might be appropriate given the morphological variation he observed across these related groups.[3] Nylander did not designate a type species for the genus; the type, E. granatina, was designated by Gerhard Eigler in 1969.[4]
Description
Euopsis forms a dark reddish-brown crust that ranges from a granular film to a patchwork of minute, scale-like [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. When damp the thallus absorbs water and takes on a gelatinous consistency. It lacks a distinct protective [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]; instead, the fungal hyphae weave around the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] in a loose mesh, though pockets of tissue can become more brick-like ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) where a green alga replaces the usual cyanobacterium. The principal [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is Gloeocapsa, whose single cells or small clusters near the surface are wrapped in reddish-brown jelly that turns purplish in the K spot test. Some specimens also harbour Trebouxia, a more conventional green alga.[5]
Reproductive bodies are glossy-brown apothecia that sit flush with the thallus. Each bears a well-raised rim of thallus tissue, while the encircling wall ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is narrow and composed of tightly parallel hyphae. A pale-brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] covers a colourless hymenium that shows no iodine staining reaction (I–). Beneath lies a colourless to faintly brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] of tangled hyphae. Slender paraphyses thread the hymenium; they branch only sparingly and never swell at the tips. Cylindrical, thick-walled asci contain eight ascospores apiece; both the inner ascus wall and the [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] stain blue in the potassium-iodide reagent (K/I+), yet the tiny apical dome does not. The spores are smooth, ellipsoidal, single-celled and colourless, with no extra outer coat.[5]
Asexual propagation occurs in sunken pycnidia scattered through the thallus. Inside, chains of elongate, flask-shaped conidiogenous cells bud off rod-like, colourless conidia. Thin-layer chromatography has so far failed to detect any secondary metabolites (lichen products) in the genus.[5]
Ecology
Species of Euopsis grow chiefly on damp, acidic rock faces but can also spread over cushions of moss, thin soil, or patches of peaty debris in similarly moist settings.[5]
Species
- Euopsis granatina (Sommerf.) Nyl. (1881)
- Euopsis pulvinata (Schaer.) Vain. (1881)
References
- ↑ "Euopsis". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CD8DL.
- ↑ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K. et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere 13 (1): 53–453. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332.
- ↑ Nylander, W. (1875). "Addenda nova ad lichenographiam Europaeam. Contin. XXII" (in la). Flora (Regensburg) 58: 358–364. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/62869.
- ↑ "Record Details: Euopsis Nyl., Flora, Regensburg 58: 363 (1875)". Index Fungorum. https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=1931.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cannon, P.; Coppins, B.; Aptroot, A.; Sanderson, N.; Simkin, J. (2025). Miscellaneous lichens and lichenicolous fungi, including Aphanopsis and Steinia (Aphanopsidaceae), Arthrorhaphis (Arthrorhaphidaceae), Buelliella, Hemigrapha, Melaspileella, Stictographa and Taeniolella (Asterinales, family unassigned), Phylloblastia (Chaetothyriales, family unassigned) Cystocoleus (Cystocoleaceae), Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae), Eiglera (Eigleraceae), Epigloea (Epigloeaceae), Euopsis (Harpidiaceae), Lichenothelia (Lichenotheliaceae), Lichinodium (Lichinodiaceae), Melaspilea (Melaspileaceae), Epithamnolia and Mniaecia (Mniaeciaceae), Lichenostigma (Phaeococcomycetaceae), Pycnora (Pycnoraceae), Racodium (Racodiaceae), Chicitaea and Loxospora (Sarrameanaceae), Schaereria (Schaereriaceae), Strangospora (Strangosporaceae), Botryolepraria and Stigmidium (Verrucariales, family unassigned), and Biatoridium, Mycoglaena, Orphniospora, Piccolia, Psammina and Wadeana (order and family unassigned). Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 57. p. 57. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Miscellaneous%20genera_0.pdf.
Wikidata ☰ Q10490617 entry
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